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	2020 Vol.37 Issue.1 Published 2020-01-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit Political Science and Rule of Law

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	5	Origin of “Rural Confucianism” and Reconstruction of Rural Civilization
		YAN Bing-gang
		Rural Confucianism is a special form of folk Confucianism. In the Pre-Qin period, in the eyes of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, in Confucianism there was no distinction between official beliefs and folk beliefs, between elites and common people, between urban areas and rural areas, but there was the possibility for Confucianism to develop in any direction. Rural Confucianism as a theory can be traced back to Mencius. After the Han Dynasties, through Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasty, Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, the official Confucianism advocated by the government and the elite Confucianism studied by Confucians and men of letters held a dominant position. However, folk Confucianism, especially rural Confucianism, also constantly developed and improved through private schools, home schools and private academies. The real folk Confucianism movement began in the Ming Dynasty. The rise of Taizhou School was a sign that folk Confucianism, rural Confucianism and rural education began to move towards theoretical and practical consciousness, and completed their system construction. Therefore, Taizhou School became the real source of rural Confucianism. The rural construction movement represented by Liang Shuming in the 20th century, as a way to make China strong, is a new development of Taizhou School. Rural Confucianism which appeared in Shandong province in early 21st century, is not only an experiment of the creative transformation and innovative development of Confucianism, but also serves as a model. As an experiment, it is an experiment on whether Confucianism can regain vigor and vitality in contemporary society. As a model, the successful practice of rural Confucianism in Shandong shows that it can be promoted all across the country. Since it was successfully practiced in rural areas, it can be better promoted in rural areas.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 5-13 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 635KB] ( 568 )

	14	LIANG Shu-ming’s Theory of Rural Construction and Attempt of Governing the Grass-roots Community with Confucianism in Modern Times
		SONG Li-lin
		LIANG Shu-ming’s theory of Rural Reconstruction Movement and practice in the 1930s was a part of his efforts of “building a new Chinese nation”. Although it failed, it can provide us inspiration for rural revitalization and grass-roots governance in the current context. In the modern times, LIANG Shu-ming analyzed the Chinese culture with the spirit of Confucianism. On the basis of the comparison between Chinese and Western cultures, he concluded that a new type of countryside was the basis for a new Chinese nation, and attempted to apply Confucianism in modern governance in both theory and practice. The cornerstone of his theory is the belief that Chinese society is “ethics-centered and occupation-based”, and the key is to establish “new village covenants and new customs”. Through sorting out and reflecting on LIANG Shu-ming’s theory of rural construction, we find that it contains ideas and inspirations beneficial to rural revitalization and grass-roots governance, which we can take as reference.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 14-22 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 582KB] ( 606 )

	23	Good Governance in Rural Community in Ancient China: Three Dimensions of Rural Governance of Confucians in the Southern Song Dynasty
		CUI Hai-dong
		The exiled Confucians in the Southern Song Dynasty divided people in rural areas into three classes, the “officials and gentry” who were leaders and elites, the “petty officials and despots” who played a devastating role at the grassroots level, and “the rich people and commons” who needed to be protected and educated. And then they adopted different strategies to govern the rural areas in accordance with the characteristics of the three classes, namely, they relied and allied with the first class, regulated and punished the second, and protected and educated the third. Specifically, the strategies for the first class included: relying on officials to reveal their own misconducts and malpractice of the government and the reasons behind, and put forward countermeasures for improvement; siding with the gentry to promote the development of the public affairs in rural areas. Strategies for the second class included: regulating petty officials by exposing their vices of oppressing common people and deceiving their superiors, identifying the causes behind and providing countermeasures, and limiting use of these officials; punishing despots by revealing the harms they did to the rural community when they bullied villagers and officials and collided with petty officials, and imposing severe punishment on them. Strategies for the third class are as follows: protecting rich people, viewing their roles objectively and properly safeguarding their interests; cultivating commons focused on improving people’s livelihood and education. In terms of livelihood, many measures were taken such as preserving the land, equalizing taxes, reducing military service, preparing against natural disasters, tightening security. In terms of education, rural Confucians established family rites to draw closer the clans, and build academies to educate the villagers.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 23-33 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 722KB] ( 811 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	34	Education Policy and Young People’s National Identity: Macao Paradigm and Experience of “One Country,Two Systems”
		CHANG Le
		The questionnaire statistics of Macao teenagers’ understanding about our country and their tendency as well as the changes in Macao’s high school graduates’ choice of colleges reveal the core values of “loving our country and loving Macao” have been deeply rooted in the hearts of Macao teenagers, and that Macao teenagers generally have clear and sincere national identity. The direct and most important reason for the success of the education of “loving our country and loving Macao”is that the Macao SAR government formulated a series of state-guided education policies. The successful experience of “loving our country and loving Macao”education can be summarized as “four unswerving principles”. First, Macao unswervingly and fully and faithfully comprehend and implement the principle of “one country, two systems”, act in strict accordance with the constitution and the basic law, and create a stable, harmonious and prosperous political and economic environment for the education of “loving our country and loving Macao” in Macao. Second, Macao unswervingly adheres to the policy of “decolonizing” in education and makes “loving our country and loving Macao” education a principal part of Macao’s education. Third, Macao unswervingly relies on our country to do a good job in “loving our country and loving Macao” education. Fourth, the whole Macao society unswervingly makes joint efforts to educate teenagers to “love our country and love Macao”. These four lessons are what the education sector in Macao continues to uphold and carry forward, and what the education sector in Hong Kong needs to learn from.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 34-41 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 572KB] ( 1218 )

	42	Collaborative Governance of Public Goods Supply in the Greater Bay Area from the Perspective of New Regionalism
		ZHANG Shu-jian, HUANG Wei-ping
		Chinese government launched the Greater Bay Area development strategy to build a world-class urban agglomeration and quality life in this region. The key to the implementation of this strategy lies in increasing collaborative governance among the governments and communities in public goods supply, enhancing coordination of public policies, achieving more balanced development of public service within the region, and improving the core competitiveness of regional development. At present, the system difference within this region has adverse effects on regional integration and development. New regionalism theory emphasizes regional members spontaneously form a regional alliance for common interests, and attaches great importance to the pluralistic behavior subjects involving “state, market and society”to better address the issue that the vertical system of metropolitan governments cannot operate effectively in the regional coordinated development of urban agglomerations. From the perspective of new regionalism, in regional collaborative governance of public goods supply, we should attach importance to the regional joint planning and coordination in the Greater Bay Area and the top-level design of the development within the region, explore the use of leased land as an important legal means of regional integration, establish a parallel social security system to make “social security portable” for cross-border workers, and bring the greatest convenience to the flow of human resource elements. Besides, we should expand cross-border public services for the elderly in Hong Kong and Macao through a collaborative approach to address the aging population within the region. In addition, we need to draw on the advantages of Hong Kong and Macao to cultivate developed production relation supporting social networks, and attach importance to collaborative development of talents.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 42-49 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 573KB] ( 774 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	50	Innovation and Development of Cultural Industry in the Revolution of Digital Economy
		FAN Zhou
		At present, China’s economy has stepped into the new normal phase. Digital economy has become a new driving force for the development of cultural industry and a new growth point for cultural consumption, and an essential element for promoting supply-side structural reform in the cultural sector. The development of cultural innovation in the revolution of digital economy is characterized by technology-driven, innovation-centered, integration-guided and talent-supported development, bringing about essential changes in social productive potential, knowledge reserve and so on. In this context, digital economy promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional cultural industries, and new technologies shifts from consumption to production, realizing the upgrading of all the elements of the industry, and prompting the appearance of new forms and models in the development of cultural innovation. In the face of the great historical opportunity of realizing digital transformation, the development of cultural innovation should still pay attention to the following issues: in terms of content supply, digital technology and cultural innovation should be coordinated to ensure the supply of high-quality original content and the improvement of the industrial chain. At consumption level, we should give consideration to the regional balanced development of network application and content supply, and turn digital divide into digital dividend. In terms of supervision, we should impose stronger regulation on the copyright of the content on the Internet, build an Internet cultural ecosystem and emphasize public participation in order to realize the digital revolution of cultural industry.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 50-56 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 489KB] ( 1427 )

	57	2019 Annual Academic Report on China’s Cultural Industry
		ZHOU Jian-xin, HU Peng-lin
		In 2019, the academic research on China’s cultural industry showed slight decrease in quantity, improvement in quality, narrow focuses and highlighted hot issues. In terms of academic hot issues, the high-quality development of cultural industry, legislation of cultural industry, cultural industry of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, artificial intelligence, scene theory, game and e-sports industry development have received a lot of attention, reflecting the rapid response of the academic circle to cultural policy adjustment, technological progress and industrial practice. In conventional research field, more focus has been put on the basis theory of cultural industry, industrial formats, enterprise parks, and researches on industrial policies, and a mature research specification has been formed in interdisciplinary research, and a number of stable academic institutions and research teams have come into being, which lays a foundation for the discipline construction in cultural industry. In terms of conferences and periodicals on cultural industry, they are marked with obvious branding trend, ever increasing influence and ever richer contents and forms, and gradually build up a new way of cultural industry communication and is conducive to forming a virtuous circle of academic community. In the future, we believe that we need to continue to increase undergraduate and graduate programs in cultural industry, put more efforts in basic theoretical research, pay attention to the traditional and frontier forms in cultural industry, improve its public cultural service function, and enhance the exchanges and cooperation between academia and enterprises in cultural industry.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 57-68 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 614KB] ( 1589 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	69	The Mechanism and Boundary of Intellectual Property Protection affecting Enterprise Performance: Empirical Analysis of the Regulatory Effect of Market Environment and Marketing Orientation
		WANG Yong-gui
		Intellectual property protection is an important mechanism for enterprises to protect their knowledge and technology, and plays a decisive role in the creation of corporate values. However, in available literature there are few researches on the direct relationship between intellectual property protection and enterprise performance, especially the situational factors affecting the relationship between the two. Based on 172 paired questionnaires from service outsourcing enterprises, this paper studies the influence mechanism of intellectual property protection on corporate performance from the perspectives of market environment and marketing orientation by using hierarchical regression technique and taking intensity of competition, technology volatility, responsive market orientation and proactive market orientation as regulatory variables. The results show that the protection of intellectual property rights significantly contributes to corporate performance, the intensity of competition and responsive market orientation both significantly strengthened the relationship between the protection of intellectual property rights and corporate performance, but proactive market orientation has significant negative regulatory effect on the relationship between the protection of intellectual property rights and corporate performance, and the regulatory effect of technology volatility is not supported by the data.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 69-77 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 499KB] ( 532 )

	78	From State Distribution to State Governance: the Driving Force and Internal Logic of China’s Fiscal Practice in the Past 70 Years
		WANG Qing, LIU Sha-sha
		Since the founding of new China, China’s fiscal system has been undergoing reform and change. To sum up, in the early days of the People’s Republic of China, China’s fiscal system was relatively closed, in line with the planned economy, and focused on insufficient revenue. It was essentially a traditional fiscal system characterized with state distribution. After 70 years of development, China’s current fiscal system is open to the world, has integrated with the socialist market economy, and is committed to addressing the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development. In terms of direction, it can be generalized as modern fiscal system of state governance. As for the driving force for China’s fiscal change, the relation between the central and governments and the Sino-US relation and its influence on both sides are the two key factors. They promoted the circular upgrade of China’s fiscal system from state distribution to state governance in 70 years. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, in order to seek better development at home and gain wide recognition abroad, we should make sure that China’s fiscal system will continue to open up, maintain its public attributes, exercise overall coordination over revenue and performance, and work to build a modern fiscal theory with Chinese characteristics.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 78-88 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 732KB] ( 769 )

Political Science and Rule of Law

	89	From “Nine Commentaries” to “New Nine Commentaries”: Changes in the Critical Discourse of the CPC Party Newspaper in the Fight between Big Powers
		GU Xiao-jing
		The media often engages in the construction of the relations between big powers whether they are united or divided. Taking the “nine commentaries on the Soviet union” published by People’s Daily in the 1960s and the “nine commentaries on US” published by People’s Daily in May 2019 as samples, this paper studies the development and changes of the critical discourse of CPC party newspapers over half a century. The two “nine commentaries” show that the political commentaries in People’s Daily have become less ideological and shorter, and contain fewer confrontational language. The overwhelming tirade of the “nine commentaries on Soviet Union” has been completely abandoned, and has given way to shorter, balanced and normal texts. “New nine commentaries” are de-ideological de-political with titles and bodies, reflecting the commentaries of the CPC party newspaper, after 40 years of reform and opening up, have gradually formed a new, more pragmatic style with more characteristics of the new era. The “new nine commentaries” have far less impact than the “nine commentaries on Soviet Union”, but they reach the biggest audience and have the widest influence in the communication context of digital transformation and integrated development, and make the topics of the CPC party newspaper shift from official position to public opinion, which the “nine commentaries on Soviet Union” also failed to do.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 89-98 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 825KB] ( 768 )

	99	The Mode Choice and System Preparation after Flexible Use of Procuratorial Investigation Power
		GUO Jing
		The reform of the national supervisory system and the amendment of criminal procedure law in 2018 have greatly weakened procuratorial and investigation power, and procuratorial organs are flexible in the use of investigation power. Based on whether the original case-handling authority has committed illegal or slack“errors”, procuratorial organs are flexible to choose direct investigation or follow-up investigation. The follow-up investigation mode focuses on curbing the inaction of the original investigation authorities, and has many advantages incomparable to direct investigation in terms of practical value, implementation difficulty, operability and social benefits,but it is not ready to effectively implement the follow-up investigation mode at the institutional level. In order to build an effective pattern of follow-up investigation, it is necessary to take following measures: simplify the determination criteria for liability judgment and procedure presumption in “inaction detection and investigation”; improve decision procedure and set up a mechanism for interested parties to “appeal in advance”; treat the conclusion of preliminary investigations with caution, so as to improve the starting standard, decision-making procedure and legal effect of procuratorial investigation power.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 99-109 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 563KB] ( 648 )

	110	An Empirical Analysis of Deliberative Democracy Practice of Grassroots Cadres and Its Influence on Government Satisfaction
		NIE Wei, CHEN Jia-xi
		The sustainable development of governance practices, such as deliberative democracy, not only requires perfect institutional norms and standardized operation procedures as guarantee, but also needs the external drive of deliberative practice performance. How is the political legal function of deliberative democracy practice in our country? Based on the data of the questionnaire survey of grassroots officials in 16 provinces and 36 cities, this paper studies the practice of deliberative democracy of grassroots officials and its influence mechanism on public satisfaction with the government. The study shows that deliberative democracy at grassroots level has following problems: grassroots officials are not consistent in their perception and practice of deliberative democracy; deliberative democracy is not regularly practiced, and it is significantly less actively practiced than passively practiced; deliberative democracy is practiced in limited areas; The public does not have a high opinion of the practice of deliberative democracy. Apart from these problems, the study also have following findings: importance attached to deliberative democracy practice significantly improves the public satisfaction with the government; participation in decision-making hearings and online deliberation improve the public satisfaction with the government, while government hotlines, officials’ regular reception of public visits, participation in evaluation, and letters and visits of complaints over the work of the government have no significant impact, and face-to-face communication with grassroots officials reduces satisfaction with the government; the more fields where deliberative democracy is practiced, the higher satisfaction people have with the government; in particular, deliberation in the negotiation of land expropriation and relocation, public budget, people’s livelihood and welfare and investment attraction significantly increases people’s satisfaction with the government. People’s satisfaction with the practice of deliberative democracy not only directly enhances people’s satisfaction with the government, but also an important intermediary to influence the satisfaction with the government by the importance of deliberation practice, approaches for deliberation practice (decision-making hearing), and the participation of deliberation practice.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 110-119 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 514KB] ( 472 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	120	Illegal P2P Online Lending Platforms for College Students: its Operational Mechanism, Malpractice Types, and Corresponding Countermeasures
		CAO Hui
		With the explosive development of online finance, P2P online lending first boomed in society, and then widely spread among college students, a group with weak legal awareness and few social experience, resulting in illegal P2P online lending platforms. Illegal P2P lending platforms are lending platforms that induce college students to overspend by means of false publicity, low access requirement and vague charge rate, and collect loans by uncivilized means or give loans to college students with malicious intention. It has three major operational modes: information intermediary mode, credit intermediary mode, and guarantee mode. These three modes, to some extent, violate students’ right to know, right to life and health, right to education and right to personal privacy. We need to address different malpractices with corresponding countermeasures: curbing the creation and spread of bad information at the source, making lending information open and transparent through big data technology, and at the same time regulating the access requirements of online lending platforms. As for college students, they should raise their awareness of information security, keep informed of relevant laws and regulations so as to distance themselves away from illegal P2P online lending platforms.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 120-128 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 591KB] ( 709 )

	129	Conflicts in Public Space: Characteristics, Mechanism and Governance
		ZHANG Cheng
		Conflicts in public space are a special form of social conflicts. In the narrow sense, conflicts in public space refer to all kinds of disputes and conflicts arising from the use and occupation of public space. Currently, conflicts in public space are characterized by multiple subjects, complex causes, various manifestations and harmful consequences. Their occurrence is closely related to unbalanced and inadequate development of public space, imperfect legal system, absence of government management, poor public awareness of public space, and backward development of social organizations. As a new mode of public governance, cooperative governance is of guiding significance for managing conflicts in public space. To realize cooperative governance of conflicts in public space, it is necessary to promote cooperation in the supply of public space and provide sufficient public space, improve regulatory system for public space and raise public consciousness of social rules, redefine the role of the government and improve its ability to manage conflicts in public space, and cultivate multiple subjects to enable public space to deal with conflicts on its own.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 129-135 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 467KB] ( 573 )

Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

	136	The Reasoning Predicament of the Ideological Discourse Power in the New Era and Its Way Out
		MENG Xian-li
		Socialist ideology in the new era has been generated, enriched and developed with the development socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. In the new era, reasoning becomes a reliable way to enhance the discourse power of socialist ideology. It is hopeful to increase the discourse power of the socialist ideology in the new era by clarifying its theoretical rationale, clearly stating facts, and consolidating foundation for its propagation. However, in the new era, the discourse power of socialist ideology in China is confronted with such dilemmas as difficulty in explaining the theory, lack of persuasive facts, and the need to improve the influence of its propagation. In face of the these difficulties, it is necessary to put more efforts in theoretical reasoning, reason with convincing and persuasive facts, enrich the approaches and means of reasoning so as to enhance the power of theoretical interpretation, the power of practical solutions, and ultimately improve the overall discourse power of China’s ideology in the new era.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 136-144 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 502KB] ( 478 )

	145	Reasoning through Storytelling,Confucianism as Established Standard for Official Selection and Rise and Fall of Philosophy Books in the Han Dynasty
		LI Jian-hua
		The burning of books by Qin Shi Huang (the First Emperor of a unified China and founder of the Qin dynasty) posed a big threat to academic development, but it didn’t cause a break in scholarship as it didn’t last a long time. The scholarship of Han Dynasty is the inheritance and continuation of that of the Warring States period. At the end of the Warring States period, philosophy books mostly illustrated points with stories, which was completely inherited by philosophy books in the Han Dynasty. The reign of Emperor Hanwu is a watershed in the development of philosophy books. Philosophy books flourished before the reign of Emperor Hanwu but declined after his reign, which was caused by the combination of internal and external factors. As for external factors, on the one hand, the establishment of Confucianism as standard for selecting officials rendered other scholastic thoughts “useless”, and thus greatly compressed their development space. On the other hand, the adherence to “Shi Fa (tracing the source)” and “Jia Fa (evolving into a school)” made Confucian teachings have too much conformity but little creativity. As for the philosophy books of the Han Dynasty, their characteristics of reasoning with stories was very much the same as the tactic Sima Qian used in Records of History. Sima Qian’s success ushered in a new era of historiography, and it has endured ever since. Under the influence of both internal and external factors, in the late Western Han Dynasty, the creation of philosophy books took a non-mainstream path and there is no turning back ever since.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 145-151 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 629KB] ( 613 )

	152	Symbol System and Political Cultural Connotation of the State Sacrificial Rites in Qing Dynasty
		WANG Xiu-ling, WAN Qiang
		Sacrificial rites, first of the “five rites”, is an important part of the ancient state ritual system and have great political function and profound cultural value. Sacrificial activities express worshippers’ demands through specific ceremonies. In Qing Dynasty, the national sacrifice formed a perfect sacrificial system on the basis of maintaining the national customs and learning from the etiquette system of the Central Plains. The State Sacrificial Rites in Qing Dynasty is a symbol system based on its ideology and culture: physical symbols were expressed through sacrificial vessels, offerings and sacrificial clothing. Language symbols were expressed through sacrificial music. Behavioral symbols were expressed through the emperor’s personal appearance at the sacrificial ceremony and pious fasting. Specific ritual procedures of sacrificial rites in Qing dynasty were strictly stipulated, which expressed rich connotation of political culture in that specific historical period. The inheritance and evolution of sacrificial rites are also defined by political life. The study of political history from the cultural level of rites system provides a new perspective for the study of political history.
		2020 Vol. 37 (1): 152-160 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 587KB] ( 778 )

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