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	2018 Vol.35 Issue.6 Published 2018-11-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Creative Economy and Cultural Industry Special Zones and Chinese Road Humanities and Chinese Spirit Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance Political Space and Rule of Law

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	5	From Buddhist Studies, Sanskrit Studies to Indology: a Review of Chinese Indology
		YU Long-yu
		Fo Xue (Buddhist studies), Fan Xue (Sanskrit studies) and Indology are three closely related but different concepts in China. They were created in different historical periods but all related to the contemporary Chinese socio-political situation and its foreign relations at the time. Fo Xue emerged with the expansion of Buddhism to East Asia. Buddhism and Fo Xue are two interrelated but different terms. In ancient China, Fan Xue and Fo Xue were always used interchangeably. With a deeper understanding of the mainstream Indian culture represented by Hinduism, the term Fan Xue gained its popularity in Chinese academia. The application of the concept Indology in China was closely related to the awakening of India and Chinese intellectuals’ new understanding of India after the invasion of Western colonialism, and China's study of India also shifted from Fo Xue and Fan Xue to Yin Du Xue (Indology). Chinese Indology has two sources in its scholarship. One is the tradition from Fo Xue and Fan Xue, the other is the Indology of the West and modern India. The two sources converged at Peking University and gave birth to Chinese Indology in 1950s, which has achieved unprecedented development since 1949.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 5-8 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 518KB] ( 608 )

	13	Construction of Sino-Indian Studies: Foundation, Expansion and Trend
		ZHU Xuan
		Sino-Indian Studies (Chindia) initiated by Rabindrananth Tagore and Visiva Bharat is an open-ended topic. Its academic discourse, content and extension have been constantly constructed and enriched. Since 1930s, four great Indologists Prabodh Chandra Bagchi, S. Radhakrishnan, Tan Chung, Lokesh Chandra have composed several volumes of India and China with the approaches of historiography, comparative culture and comparative philosophy, reflecting the development of Sino-Indian studies in the past century. Following the tradition of French Sinology, Prabodh Chandra Bagchi recreated the exchanges between China and India with concrete historical evidence. Lokesh Chandra and his father Raghu Vira, a renowned Sinologist, combined historical researches and travel notes such as personal visits, fieldworks, oral accounts and diaries to prove history with “cultural relics” and recapture the cultural exchange at that time. Raghu Vira’s visit to China in 1955 is a precious memory of the cultural exchanges between China and India in modern times. Tan Chung conducted a comparative study on the original culture and the dynamic influence of culture to explore the cultural genes that may be shared by Chinese and Indian civilizations. From the perspective of religious studies, S. Radhakrishnan made a comparative analysis of the secularity of Confucianism, the transcendence of Taoism and the spirituality of Buddhism, realizing that Chinese thoughts and Indian thoughts both aim at the spiritual transformation of human beings. Chinese thoughts and Indian thoughts may share similarities and fuse with each other. Moreover, the significance of the fusion lies in the reconstruction of values, which is also the fundamental purpose of “Sino-Indian studies” which started from cultural exchanges and aims at the establishment of new civilizations.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 13-21 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 582KB] ( 505 )

	22	A Philological Investigation about Evolution of “Catubbidha Vinaya”
		WU Wei-lin
		“Catubbidha Vinaya” is a Theravādin concept from Samantapāsādikā (written in 4-5 centuries), a collection of Pali commentaries on Theravada Tipitaka Vinaya. It contains sutta (Vinaya texts), Suttānuloma (supplements to the Vinaya texts), ācāryavāda (interpretation of arahats in the first Buddhist Council), attanomati (one’s own understanding), reflecting the principle of taking Samantapāsādikā as authority and supremacy of Theravada Tipitaka Vinaya. However, in Shanjian Lü Piposha (translated in 489), the Chinese version of the Samantapāsādikā, the translators showed an inclusive attitude to different nikāyas. Therefore, the Theravādin definition of “Catubbidha Vinaya” is weakened in Shanjian Lü Piposha. In Tang Dynasty, Daoxuan, the Nanshan school vinaya teacher used “Catubbidha Vinaya” to interpret the Sifenlü. Different from the author of the Samantapāsādikā, he did not consider the “Sutta” as orthodox, but blended ideas from different nikāyas as well as Mahāyāna texts and emphasized explaining the “Sutta” with various ideas from Tripitaka. Later, his successors Dajue, Jingxiao and Yuanzhao all followed his method for further understanding of the Sifenlü. From the Samantapāsādikā to the Shanjian Lü Piposha, and to the Nanshan school vinaya commentaries, “Catubbidha Vinaya” gradually lost its original Theravādin definition and was converted into a concept featured with Chinese vinaya tradition. Such changes indicate that Chinese vinaya is explained according to the ideas of interpreters and their lineage other than schools and the original canon. It is also a convergence of Chinese vinaya tradition and Theravādin vinaya traditon which dates back to ancient India.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 22-30 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 690KB] ( 363 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	31	The Market Logic of Linkage and Transmission of Housing Prices in Core Cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
		GUO Wen-wei
		With the four core cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the subjects, this paper first takes the dynamic conditional correlation coefficient (DCC) to measure the linkage of housing prices in these cities during 2011-2018, and then uses R-Vine Copula model and Granger causality approach to analyze the dependence structure and fluctuation transmission mechanism of the housing prices among the cities. The price linkage between Guangzhou and Shenzhen is high, which shows a W-shaped trend and is deeply affected by the regulatory policies and there is a causal relationship between the two. There is a certain interaction between housing prices in Hong Kong and Macao, and Macau is a one-way Granger reason for the price fluctuation in Hong Kong. The linkage between housing prices in Macau and Guangzhou and Shenzhen is relatively weak. There is a chain-dependent structure among the four cities, in which Guangzhou and Hong Kong act as intermediaries, but there is a clear regional segmentation between the real estate markets of Hong Kong and Macao and those of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and there is no obvious fluctuation transmission effect between the two regions.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 31-38 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 658KB] ( 539 )

	39	Determination of Final Verdict within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
		WANG Chong
		The construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will stimulate new theoretical thinking and provide opportunities for researches in the theoretical system of interregional judicial assistance. As an issue in the recognition and enforcement of interregional verdicts, the determination of final verdict needs to be analyzed and completed within the Greater Bay Area. Compared with other schemes proposed by academics, the “Greater Bay Area consciousness theory” is more suitable and helpful to address this issue. It stresses the importance of taking the construction of the Greater Bay Area as an opportunity and a platform for consultation, comprehensively promoting cooperation between mainland and Hong Kong and Macao in interregional judicial assistance, and determining the final verdict within this framework. Confronted with the gap between the construction of “Greater Bay Area consciousness” and the determination of final verdict, we can specify the factors that may be taken into account in the final verdict standard, establish a judicial assistance coordination system under a high-level coordination mechanism and speed up efforts in theoretical and practical studies to narrow the gap, and thus more quickly solve the problem of determining the final verdict in the “Greater Bay Area”.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 39-46 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 460KB] ( 462 )

Creative Economy and Cultural Industry

	47	“Public Carnival” Generated by Mobile Short Videos and Relevant Management
		GAO Hong-cun, MA Ya-min
		With the wide spread of the mobile Internet, many short video platforms such as “Tik Tok” have rapidly become popular, which not only provides the public with a new channel for cultural creation and self-expression, but also becomes a new space for the dissemination of mainstream core values and excellent traditional culture, and brings fashionable elements and vitality to public cultural services and the cultural industry.?However, the profit-driven market logic of the production of short videos challenges cultural values, the platforms intentionally increase congestion, and users get addicted. Such problems mirror the problems with the ecosystem of the Internet culture. In the mobile short video industry, weak players will disappear or merger with stronger rivals in the coming years in the form of merger and acquisition. It is urgent to enhance the social responsibility of enterprises and platforms and raise the standard for market access. We also need to encourage the platforms to improve examination technology and report and complaint mechanism, regulate the content of short videos, increase supervision efficiency and penalties, improve the long-term mechanism of cooperation and co-governance between the government, platforms and users so as to build the cultural rationality in the Internet ecosystem.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 47-54 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 589KB] ( 1852 )

	55	Pattern Innovation and Development Trend of Internet Cultural Consumption
		WANG Lin-sheng
		Great changes are taking place in the structure and form of social consumption in the “Internet +” era, which are mainly reflected in the innovation of consumption patterns. In the development of Internet culture industry, the e-commerce platform consumption, OMO, vertical communication, IP industry and IP consumption, network broadcast consumption, crowd-funding consumption and Beijing Culture-Easy Card consumption are popular consumption modes. With the popularization of the Internet, the Internet culture consumption has shown the tendency of cross-border integration, cultivation of daily life styles, expansion of consumption space, and breakdown of the boundary between minority and the mainstream cultures. To actively promote cultural consumption and accelerate consumption upgrade, we need to develop a profit pattern for the industry and solve the inconsistence problem of Internet culture consumption. Besides, we need to increase the supply of quality products and address the imbalance between supply and demand in cultural consumption. We also need to set rules and regulations and impose stronger supervision on the content of cultural consumption. Finally, we need to attach more importance to analysis of consumption data, grasp consumer orientation in the intergenerational transformation, and find new sources of economic growth and consumption.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 55-63 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 542KB] ( 841 )

Political Space and Rule of Law

	64	Local Environmental Legislation since China’s Reform and Opening Up: Type Classification, Shenzhen Experience and Outlook for Xiong’an
		TIAN Yi-yao
		Looking back on the local environmental legislation since the reform and opening up forty years ago, we can find it has gone through four stages of slow start, rapid increase in number, low-quality bottleneck period and comprehensive startup in the new era. In this process, local environmental legislation has made great achievements. However, from a typological point of view, it has the problems of repetition, delay and failure of executive legislation, insufficient space, cognitive bias, and lack of characteristics of gap-filling legislation, inadequate technology, adverse selection and insufficient public participation in experimental legislation. After 40 years of reform and opening-up, Shenzhen has made giant strides in environmental legislation. By analyzing its environmental legislation, we conclude that its executive legislation is effective, its gap-filling legislation has distinctive features, its experimental legislation is strongly innovation-driven, and its public is highly engaged in legislation process. Drawing on the experience of Shenzhen and taking into account the development orientation of Xiong’an New District and its historical and realistic conditions, we can design a local environmental legislation in the form of “codification” with the design of the executive environmental rules as the content and corresponding innovative gap-filling legislation as the highlight so as to establish a complete and efficient local legislative system for environmental protection in Xiong’an New Area.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 64-73 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 558KB] ( 627 )

	74	Ten Major Relationships in China’s Local Governance Innovation
		CHEN Ke-lin, GU Zhi-jun
		In the decisive period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, innovation-driven development is becoming the core strategy for china’s national development. Local governance innovation at the center of practice and theory still faces many prominent practical problems. Based on the review of relevant theories and practices, we can abstract and summarize the deeper logical relationships behind the innovation practices of local governments as follows: the hierarchical relationship of technology, system and governance innovation; the dialectical relationship of creation, destruction and governance innovation; the purpose relationship of success, failure and governance innovation; the fundamental relationship of truth, falsehood and governance innovation; the strained relationship of law, system and governance innovation; the gaming relationship of power, interest and governance innovation; the interactive relationship of the market, society and governance innovation; the advancement relationship of spontaneity, enforcement and governance innovation; the impetus relationship of pressure, change and governance innovation; the development relationship of short-term planning, long-term vision and governance innovation. The relationship between these variables is of great significance for understanding and guiding the theory and practice of local governance innovation. In terms of goal setting, China's local governance innovation should follow the path of multi-level coordination and orderly management, aim at good governance and promotion of common good. Besides, we also need to be committed to system construction and rule of law, proactive in innovation and have a long-term vision.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 74-82 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 508KB] ( 533 )

	83	Focus and Essence of US Domestic Debates on Sino-US Trade War
		XING Rui-li, TAN Shu-lin
		Economic and trade issues are the most sensitive and important issues in Sino-US relations. The United States did not launch a trade war with China by accident. The trade war between China and the United States broke out for three reasons: The Trump administration is unhappy with the current trade situation between China and the United States and takes a strong attitude toward China; there is a growing opposition to free trade from the two major parties and the general public in the United States; the United States intends to curb the strategic development of emerging industries and high-tech industries in China as well as China’s economic resurgence. The debate on the trade war with China in the United States is mainly centered on whether they should launch a trade war, how they should fight the war, and whether they could win the war. The debate in the United States is, in essence, the continuation of the long-standing disputes over free trade and protectionism. It is in the national interest of the United States, and also reflects the grapple between the two major parties, deepening social contractions in the United States, the aggressive nature of American culture, and the “cultural bias” against China. Given this situation, China should make its countermeasures on the basis of understanding the domestic politics and practical situation of the United States.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 83-92 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 1010 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	93	System Barrier and Path Design in Protection of the Property Rights of Entrepreneurial Farmers in Cities
		ZHANG An-yi
		It is reasonable and necessary for entrepreneurial farmers to continue enjoying their rights as members of rural collective economic organizations, such as the rural contracted land management right, the right to the use of homesteads, and collective income distribution rights. However, in practice, it is difficult for farmers who start their businesses in cities to enjoy and realize their property rights back in their home towns. On the one hand, there are some unreasonable criteria for the qualification of the membership rights in rural collective economic organizations. On the other hand, the construction of rural land use rights transfer system is slow. We should reform the criteria for the qualifications of the membership rights of collective economic organizations, ensure that farmers do not lose their qualifications as a result of starting businesses in cities, and allow collective economic organizations to work autonomously to formulate rules for changing the qualifications of the membership rights. When rural collective economic organizations no longer assume the function of guaranteeing farmers’ basic livelihood, the membership rights should be converted into property rights. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the rural land use right circulation system in accordance with the market rules, set rules for delegate implementation of the collective income distribution right, and explore a system which allows the farmers to transfer their membership in collective economic organizations.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 93-100 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 466KB] ( 459 )

	101	Protection and Compensation of Minors’ Rights in Transaction of Farmers’ Resettlement Houses
		XIAO Xia
		Due to the particularity of housing sources, possession, transfer and other aspects, sellers of farmers’ resettlement houses are inclined to use damages to the minors’ interests as “excuses” to break the contract and cause credibility crisis. In order to properly balance the interests of minors and the safety of transactions in the cases involving minors, it is necessary to solve the problems in the application of laws such as the effectiveness of sales contracts under different litigants and claims, the nature of disposition not for the interests of minor children, and the standards for subsequent damage compensation. Under the existing legal framework, in order to fill the legal loopholes in the disposal of minors’ property, it is necessary to appropriately introduce the theory of ostensible agency to provide legal basis for recognizing the external validity of parents’ disposition on behalf of their children, and on this basis reasonably determine the basis and standards for the establishment of the subsequent compensation litigation of minor children. In view of the loopholes in the provisions of China’s civil law on the disposal of minors’ property, it is better to avoid the differences and bias in judgment standard and establish a unified standard for the application of law by modifying the law to replace the subsequent benefit balance and relief after the event with the preset interest partition mechanism.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 101-110 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 514KB] ( 484 )

	111	Migrant Workers’ Integration into Urban Society from Life Experience Perspective
		SUN Wen-zhong
		Starting their own businesses in cities is an important path for migrant workers to integrate into urban life, and move up the social ladder to change their destiny in cities. Analyzing migrant workers’ entrepreneurial experience and the factors influencing their entrepreneurship by examining their life experience, our study finds the entrepreneurship is a gradual process for migrant workers to integrate into urban society. Migrant workers who start their own businesses in cities typically go through four stages of working in cities, starting their own businesses, business and life gradually stabilized and career development and transformation. Their entrepreneurship happens in a particular time and space. It is affected by age, family life cycle and the time for life change. Due to the accumulation effect of life experience, different results of entrepreneurship lead to the differentiation of migrant workers, which not only affects how they integrate into urban society, but also affects how they plan their children’s future. The entrepreneurial integration of migrant workers into urban society has the characteristics of intergenerational inheritance and transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage farmers to start businesses in cities as well as back in their hometowns, comprehensively promote citizenization of migrant workers in an orderly way, and also guide migrant workers to retreat from large cities to small towns and even non-urban areas.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 111-120 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 613KB] ( 426 )

Humanities and Chinese Spirit

	121	Characteristics and Functions of the Memorial Ceremonies during the Democratic Revolution Period in Construction of CPC’s Political Culture
		ZHU Qing-yue
		The party culture is, in essence, the thought and soul of a political party, and political ceremonies often assume the functions of generating, recreating, repeatedly confirming and reinforcing the party culture. Due to the special specificity of CPC’s culture and the complexity of the political and ecological environment reform, the memorial ceremonies carried out by CPC during the democratic revolution period as an important type of political ceremonies, are characterized by a wide range of commemoration objects, flexible time, diverse fashions, and high-profile events in the construction of the party culture. The memorial ceremonies carried out by CPC during the democratic revolution period also had concrete effects on the construction of various elements of the party culture: they served to confirm and enrich the party’s ideology; they were of great value to discipline and mobilize the political party’s behaviors; in terms of the party’s psychological orientation, they were of great significance to increase faith and loyalty; they also assumed the function of shaping the party’s image and promote identification with it.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 121-130 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 547KB] ( 397 )

	131	Naming of “Hermeneutics” in China and the West
		KANG Yu
		“Hermeneutics” follows different development courses in China and the West and forms different theoretical methods and ideological characteristics, so it should be named differently in China and the West. “Hermeneutics” in the West originated from exegetics, but since Schleiermacher Hermeneutics began to “disengage” from the classics, and gradually became a philosophy focusing on “understanding.” China’s “Hermeneutics” came from the study of Chinese classics. It is inherently inseparable from the classics, and this relationship continues all the way to the present. Through comparison between Zhu Xi and Martin Luther, Xu Fuguan and Gadamer, it is not difficult to find that the classics are the core of China’s “Hermeneutics”, and thus Hermeneutics would not exist without the study of classics. However, in the West, “philosophical thinking” is the focus of “Hermeneutics”, whereas classics is only a “symbol”. After further comparison of the innate genetic genes, development environment and the current situation of “Hermeneutics” in China and the West, it can be concluded that “Hermeneutics” should be named “Hermeneutics” in the West, while in China it is more appropriate to be called “classical Hermeneutics”.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 131-140 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 546KB] ( 584 )

	141	Aesthetic Expression of “Nostalgia” and Literary Record of China’s Historical Changes
		YANG Ji-hua
		The theme of nostalgia in literary works of different historical periods in China shows different aesthetic implications with changes of times. It is not only an important aesthetic record of the life and national feelings of the Chinese nation, but also provides an effective perspective to understand China’s historical changes. In ancient China before the Opium War when the patriarchal society was based on blood relations and people were generally attached to their native land, “nostalgia” appeared as the great aspiration of improving the world through personal efforts. In the context of “Chinese consciousness crisis ”, “nostalgia” in contemporary China showed a strong critical self-enlightenment and exploration spirit along with the Chinese nation's struggle for national independence and liberation. With the rapid development of Chinese modernization and the dramatic changes after the reform and opening up, “nostalgia” in modern China has become an emotional expression of bewilderment for “urban aliens” within China and “cultural aliens” among overseas Chinese. With the growing trend of globalization, “nostalgia” in current China has the function of reconstructing traditional Chinese culture and reshaping China’s image, thus becomes an important emotional bond in the new era to interpret Chinese stories and Chinese life.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 141-148 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 558KB] ( 601 )

	149	Current Situation, Characteristics and Approaches of Comparative Studies of Chinese Language in Different Regions
		ZHAO Min
		The studies of regional Chinese language can be divided into studies of Chinese language in a particular region and comparative studies of Chinese in multiple regions. The current studies of regional Chinese language show imbalance and Matthew effect, which means in some regions, there are more Chinese scholars and more research achievements, while in others, there are fewer Chinese scholars and less achievements. Moreover, most achievements are studies of a particular region, and there are few comparative studies of Chinese language between regions outside the mainland China. Through comparative studies of Chinese language in multiple regions, it can be found that interconnectivity is the yardstick to judge the linguistic universals of Chinese language in different regions. Comparative studies of Chinese language in different regions with geopolitics, nationalities and regions as reference is not limited to the study of Chinese language of a particular region, but can be extended to multiple regions with the same linguistic features. There are not only common features of Chinese language in different regions, but also different characteristics between them. Regional Chinese expressions show diversity and variability. The discovery of these features and perspectives has not only enriched the study of Chinese language at micro-level, but also promoted its study at meso and macro level. In addition to the basic comparative approach, studies of Chinese language in multiple regions can also take approaches like reference to the source dialect, corpus of oral language materials, and corpus technology.
		2018 Vol. 35 (6): 149-156 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 521KB] ( 544 )

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