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	2023 Vol.40 Issue.5 Published 2023-09-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Humanities and Chinese Spirit Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Politics, Law and Social Governance

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	5	Issues and Governance of China’s International Grain Trade from the Perspective of Major Country Food Security
		ZHANG Heng-ming, XU Shu-min
		Food security is closely related to national development and people’s livelihood. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the Party and the government have attached great importance to food security issues. However, due to China’s large population, limited arable land resources, and relatively backward production technology, there are shortcomings in terms of food demand, food production efficiency and food quality. Since the reform and opening up, although successive governments have issued strong policies to vigorously promote agricultural development and ensure the stable supply of food, China still faces deep-seated problems such as low land resource utilization rate, uneven food quality, and high production cost consumption. Compared to the growing food demand and desire for a better life for the people, China still has a large food gap and needs to import food through international trade. From the perspective of food trade security in major countries, there are prominent issues in China’s international grain trade, such as high dependence on some grain imports, prominent structural contradictions in grain trade, narrow channels for single variety grain imports, insufficient competitiveness of grain in the international market, and urgent need to strengthen food hygiene and security. Increase the supply of grain and reduce the external dependence on some grains; promote the balance of grain supply and demand, and narrow the structural contradictions in grain trade; disperse the risks of grain imports and ensure the safety of grain imports; reduce the cost of grain production and enhance the international competitiveness of grain; promoting high-quality transformation of grain and ensuring food nutrition security are effective ways for China to strengthen international trade governance in grain and ensure food security for major countries.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 5-14 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 572KB] ( 171 )

	15	How Has the ChatGPT Transformed the Paradigm of Educational Research?
		HE Wei-guang, LI Jun
		Generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, marks a pivotal advancement in technology history. Modern educational research paradigms face significant challenges. Epistemologically, there’s a disconnect between theory and practice. Ontologically, divergent stances result in confrontations among varied subjects. Methodologically, there’s a lack of integration and innovation. Axiologically, research values seem inconsistent and waning in conviction. ChatGPT demonstrates the potential to revolutionize the educational research paradigm: it can reshape knowledge production, bridging theory to real-world application; overcome ontological barriers, encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration; integrate diverse research methods, spurring innovation; and balance various value orientations, moving away from sheer utilitarianism. However, ChatGPT, being transformative, isn't without pitfalls, including potential errors in knowledge generation, opaque processes, and risks of academic misconduct and copyright issues. Scholars’ roles seem diminished, risking over-reliance on algorithms, and there are concerns over national security and societal impacts. To utilize ChatGPT effectively for reshaping educational research towards Chinese modernization, there’s a need to: restructure knowledge production logic; innovate ontologically while maintaining human-centric research; blend traditional and novel research methods; and emphasize humanistic values, prioritizing benevolence in research orientation.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 15-25 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 608KB] ( 206 )

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	26	A Brief Study on the Origin of Ancient Chinese Anthropological Thought
		WANG Hai-long
		Anthropology investigates the origin of civilization and the development of human society. Western anthropological studies originated in ancient Greece and continues to develop into the Present day. Evolving with new technologies and the advancements in cognitive science, this discipline plays an important role in cultural and social studies today. Anthropology originated in the West, but ancient Chinese scholars have long been concerned with many anthropological topics such as the origin of civilization, human culture, cultural history, and ethnic studies. This is not a coincidence. As early as the pre-Qin period, Chinese sages discussed primitive societies, socialization, and the formation of ethical systems from the perspective of the origin of human civilization. At the same time, pre-Qin thinkers studied the propositions of primitive evolution, and put forward theories such as “naturalness”, “natural balance”, and “natural selection”. Ancient Chinese scholars also conducted comprehensive discussions on the environment, biology, medicine and other disciplines. China’s ethnic and geographic diversity generates extensive ethnology, ethnography, folklores, archaeology, and linguistics data. These are valuable sources for analyzing the development of Chinese anthropological thought.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 26-36 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 601KB] ( 95 )

	37	The Concept of Time and Space and the Construction of Life in the Painting of the Six Dynasties
		WANG Zhong-dong
		The concept of time and space in the paintings of the Six Dynasties is rooted in the cultural context of the philosophy of Xuanfo（玄佛）, manifested as a way of thinking that integrates heaven and man. This is actually an externalization of spiritual activities, condensing the painter’s aesthetic ideals and cosmic consciousness. The painters of the Six Dynasties emphasized the display of time rhythm in space and placed greater emphasis on conveying the spirit of life in the dimensions of time and space, Constructing a complete image world of unity between mind and matter. All painting activities cannot exist without time and space, and they complete the transformation from real time and space to aesthetic time and space in the creation of image, containing the infinite vitality of the universe. This concept of time and space is not only applied to the process of “writing with uniqueness”（动笔皆奇） and “coloring according to the category”（随类赋彩） in the ink and brush, but also to the composition process of “setting up the layout” （置陈布势）. It highlights the rhythm of life in the interweaving and fusion of emptiness and reality, motion and stillness, brightness and darkness, and sparsity and density, resulting in a vivid artistic effect of vitality and charm. When touring mountains and rivers, painters of the Six Dynasties corresponded their souls with nature, and interacting with the spirit of heaven and earth, thus obtaining a sense of freedom that both things and oneself forget. This way of thinking, which incorporates the early concept of time and space, provides a source of motivation for the schematic expression of image, while also reflecting the conscious pursuit of the Six Dynasties painters in their realm of life, becoming an important factor affecting the poetic style of Chinese painting.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 37-46 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 598KB] ( 73 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	47	High Quality Development Direction of Cultural Industries in the Process of Chinese Path to Modernization
		ZHANG Zhen-peng
		High quality development of the cultural industries is the meaning of Chinese path to modernization. “Value orientation - action direction - force target - goal orientation” constitutes the four dimensions of high quality development of the cultural industries. The“value orientation” of high quality development of the cultural industries in Chinese path to modernization is to highlight the characteristics of the Chinese cultural industries, that is, overall and balanced regional coordinated development, cultural innovation and development to create common prosperity, healthy industrial development with dual effects and unity, harmonious and symbiotic resource intensive development, and civilized and diversified development with win-win cooperation; The“action direction” is to promote the digital improvement and efficiency of the cultural industries, that is, to achieve the overall digital transformation of the cultural industries structure, enhance the digital innovation ability of cultural enterprises, and construct a digital cultural industries ecosystem of value co creation; The “force target” is to support the sustainable development of new cultural enterprises, that is, to clarify the connotation and significance of new cultural enterprises, play their main role, and achieve their long-term value; The“goal orientation” refers to enhancing the influence of the dissemination of Chinese civilization, namely creating high quality content with empathy, innovating narrative methods that adapt to modernization, and creating diversified communication paths. High quality development of Chinese path to modernization of the cultural industries can contribute to the mutual learning, progress and prosperity of the global cultural industries and contribute to China’s paradigm and experience.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 47-56 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 555KB] ( 260 )

	57	Consuming the Urban Cultural Space through the Body: A Focus on Physical Bookstore Space
		JIANG Ling
		In today’s consumer society, the body has become an intermediary with cultural attributes and social relationships. People use bodily consumption to showcase their symbols, tastes, and styles, giving themselves a certain identity and status while connecting with social capital and social relationships. As a type of urban cultural space, physical bookstore space carry more than just the buying and selling of books; they also embody a profound cultural significance. By focusing on physical bookstore space, this study examines the factors that contribute to the consumption of urban cultural space through the body, including the body as a target of discipline, temporary “escape” from real life, spatial segregation, and personal identity formation. The consumption of urban cultural space through the body features functionality, symbolism, identity, emotion, and identification. It generates various functions and effects such as the creation of spatial symbolic value, the promotion of localized cultural spaces, and the construction of identity boundaries between “self” and “others”. However, contemporary urban cultural space consumption through the body is influenced by negative factors such as commercial interests and consumerism, resulting in the alienation of immediate experiences and sensory stimulation, a tendency towards commodification and cultural disorder. To enhance the quality of bodily consumption in urban cultural space, it is necessary to focus on the content of urban cultural space, cultivate unique cultural brands, integrate diverse spatial functions, create experiential space, improve the quality of cultural activities, and enhance embodied experiential value. Additionally, leveraging digital technologies to empower cultural space, cultivating a literary atmosphere in the city, and promoting symbiotic development with urban life are crucial. Furthermore, extending the value chain of the industry and promoting the development of new formats in urban cultural space are essential steps.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 57-66 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 584KB] ( 116 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	67	The Impact Mechanism and Effect of Artificial Intelligence on the Consumption of Chinese Residents
		WANG Zhi-gang, HU Ning-ning
		The development and application of artificial intelligence technology is a key engine for boosting residents’ consumption and promoting consumption quality and expansion. Clarifying the core mechanism of artificial intelligence on residents’ consumption is of great practical significance for current policy formulation to promote consumption and expand domestic demand. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, This paper analyzes the specific mechanisms and effects of artificial intelligence on household consumption in China. The results showed that artificial intelligence can effectively promote residents’ consumption expenditure, and its effect varies significantly due to differences in residents’ human capital and subjective expectations. People with high education levels and subjective expectations are more strongly affected by the consumption promotion effect of artificial intelligence. Optimizing industrial structure, promoting residents’ digital network access and use, and improving residents’ income level are important mechanisms for artificial intelligence to promote residents’ consumption expenditure, and the influencing mechanisms exhibit structural heterogeneity in different consumption types. Specifically, artificial intelligence mainly promotes residents’ survival consumption expenditure through the path of industrial structure optimization; through the digital network access and use path, it mainly promotes residents’ development-oriented consumption expenditure; the impact of the income increase path on residents’ consumption shows a polarization effect, and for groups below middle income, the promotion effect of artificial intelligence on residents’ consumption gradually weakens through income changes; for middle-income and above groups, the promotion effect of artificial intelligence on residents’ consumption is very significant. Expanding analysis found that the occupational substitution risk brought by artificial intelligence reduced residents’ consumption expenditure to a certain extent.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 67-77 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 556KB] ( 271 )

	78	Spatio-temporal Distribution and Configuration Influencing Factors of Rural Economic Resilience
		TANG Xin, XIE Shi-lei
		Improving the resilience of rural economy is a prerequisite for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Taking elasticity, adaptability and transformability as the benchmark dimensions, the evaluating indicator system of rural economic resilience is constructed and the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of rural economic resilience in different years at provincial level are analyzed. The study finds that there is regional convergence of rural economic resilience in 2012-2020, but the differences between rural economic resilience at provincial level are gradually weakened. Rural economic resilience has significant spatial correlation in geographical space, with local “high-high agglomeration” and “high-low agglomeration” as the main manifestations. Based on the TOE (technology-organization-environment) theoretical framework, six core factors affecting the resilience of rural economy, including digital production, hardware facilities, human resources, financial capital, market size and professional services, are identified. After comparing the impact effects of each factor, it is found that professional services has the greatest impact on the resilience of rural economy. Hardware facilities, digital production, human resources and financial capital are second, and market size has the least impact. Furthermore, the fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis method is used to explore the linkage matching effect of each influencing factor. The analysis result indicates that rural economic resilience is the result of complex coordination of multiple factors, and there are four configuration paths to drive the improvement of rural economic resilience, namely, the element improvement type, the comprehensive optimization type, the technology boosting type and the intelligence driven type. Four configuration paths can give a reasonable explanation for spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of rural economic resilience.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 78-87 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 636KB] ( 100 )

Politics, Law and Social Governance

	88	Communication Trend, Evolution Mechanism and Governance Approach of Digital Public Opinion
		LONG Yu
		In the digital age, the media has developed from “disembodiment” to “embodiment”, which means that the media and human body are deeply integrated, forming a new form of mutual construction and symbiosis. The communication paradigm has evolved from “one-way” to “interaction” as the information communication platforms bring together audiences with similar value orientations to shape social relations. From “artificial” to “intelligent” content production, man-computer symbioses have become the main producers of information content, and content customization has achieved a high degree of matching between information and user needs. In the new ecosystem of digital communication, digital technology is accelerating the fermentation of digital public opinion stimuli, and promoting the deep excavation of digital public opinion background and the transformation of digital public opinion field to real social field. Digital media with complicated information can easily cause public opinion secondary disasters when filling the “demand gap” of public information. To guide the rational development of digital public opinion, we should optimize the recommendation of the digital public opinion algorithm, especially balance the instrumental rationality and value rationality of the algorithm, embed the design and application of responsibility ethics into the algorithm, and improve the algorithm recommendation supervision mechanism. We should open up the channel of digital public opinion dialogue, seize the best opportunity to respond, establish a multi-agent communication model, build diversified communication channels, and improve the government information disclosure system. In the meantime, we should also focus on the major concerns of digital public opinion, actively solve practical problems, keep a close eye on the emotions of the public, and do whatever it takes to optimize relevant systems.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 88-96 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 572KB] ( 127 )

	97	Criminal Risks and Criminal Law Response in the Process of Information Integration through Shared Documents
		HUANG Chen-chen
		Compared to traditional local documents, shared documents with real-time collaboration as the main feature are more conducive to improving information integration efficiency and ensuring real-time updates of information content. However, they also provide a breeding ground for crimes that infringe on citizens’ personal information, leading to upgraded criminal methods, new crime scenes, a larger amount of involved information, and a wider range of information circulation. This type of criminal risk poses a serious threat to citizens’ personal information rights and their associated personal and property rights, and urgently requires criminal law to address it. The process of using shared documents for information integration involves multiple subjects such as document creators, retweeters, fillers, modifiers, replica creators, and holders. Each subject assumes different roles and has differences in specific behavior. Based on typological thinking, typical behavior types of different subjects should be considered separately to determine whether they meet the behavioral requirements of the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information, and to determine the specific path of criminal law regulation. The amount of information involved in the case is crucial for determining whether the perpetrator is guilty or not, as well as for determining the severity of the punishment. When determining the quantity, attention should not only be paid to general identification rules but also to the handling of special situations caused by the collaborative editing and real-time updating of content by multiple people in shared documents.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 97-106 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 506KB] ( 76 )

	107	Platformized Production: The Operational Mechanism and Logical Path of Supply and Demand Matching in Community Services
		HAN Rui-bo, PENG Juan
		Regarding the issue of how information technology can improve the matching of supply and demand of community services, existing research has conducted extensive discussions from the perspectives of technology embedding and application, technology functions and risks, etc. However, empirical analysis and in-depth demonstration based on the specific context of community services still need to be enriched. A case study based on the innovative practice of a village-to-residence community smart service platform found that the community introduced the concept of platform governance into the community service field. Using platform technology to effectively integrate information, actions and interest elements within the community, using digital collaboration and information exchange to promote the precise allocation of service resources oriented to residents’ needs, using interface governance and agile actions to standardize the community service production process and promote efficient interaction between supply and demand entities, using scene correlation and interest adjustment to promote the mutual cooperation of online and offline service scenarios, reshaping the strong interest connection between supply and demand entities, thus creating a platform-based production mechanism that matches the supply and demand of community services. This mechanism pays equal attention to both service supply and demand sides, effectively breaking the relationship barrier between the two in the community space, which divides the service into “front end” and “back end”. This enables the demand side to be active throughout the supply of community services through channels such as resource acquisition, process setting, and supervision feedback. The supplier’s action process also becomes clearer and more transparent through high-frequency interactions with the demand side. The operation of the platform-based production mechanism vividly reflects the logic of matching community service supply and demand in shaping social structure, constructing institutional mechanisms, and achieving technological empowerment.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 107-116 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 729KB] ( 110 )

Humanities and Chinese Spirit

	117	The Media Generation, Historical Logic, and Practical Mechanism of the Audiovisual Narrative of the CPC’s Ideology
		LUO Hong-jie
		Audiovisual narration is an important way to achieve widespread dissemination and effective identification of ideology. Compared to written discourse, audiovisual media has stronger narrative advantages and dissemination efficiency and is an important carrier of the Party’s ideology. The audio-visual narrative of the CPC’s ideology refers to the process of using the narrative advantages of audio-visual media to effectively spread the party’s ideology and build the Chinese discourse and narrative system. As typical media for the audio-visual narrative of the Party’s ideology, party newspapers, art magazines, folk songs and operas, slogans and murals, and film and television images have played an important role in the century-long dissemination practice of the Party’s ideology. In terms of practical mechanism, audio-visual narrative media needs to go through the logical path of “subject empowerment-symbol operation-daily consumption-internalization identification”, gradually realizing the ideological identification of the Party. Based on the advanced analysis of “media generation--historical logic-practical mechanism”, it can be recognized that systematic and abstract ideologies can be subtly integrated into people’s daily lives through perceptual and concrete audio-visual media, and achieve ideological identity through repeated operations. The audio-visual narrative of the Party’s ideology in the new era should focus on two aspects: positive construction and reverse resistance, promoting and achieving the tangible, sensory, and effective dissemination of mainstream ideology through visible, audible, and tactile symbolic forms.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 117-125 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 544KB] ( 73 )

	126	The Pictorial Construction of the Rural World: The Writing of “Rural Image” in Contemporary Chinese Short Video Culture
		CHAI Dong-dong
		“Rural image” is a kind of visible and perceptible image generated by the reproduction and construction of the rural world by the media, which is not only the basic path for people to recognize, understand and interpret the countryside, but also an important representation of rural culture. Contemporary Chinese short video culture promotes the appearance of a new “rural image” and realizes the reconstruction of rural visibility in the process of displaying rural customs, things, scenery and tastes. The new “rural image” follows the production logic of image-picture, which has the attributes of landscape and world. Landscape attribute means that short video culture separates the countryside from the real context and becomes a dispersed image landscape, including three levels of physical image, cognitive image and communication image. World attribute means that short video culture builds a new rural image information field, which itself is the living situation and media. It generates an invisible perceptual structure, connects the world of the presenter and the world of the viewer, and provides new world experience for both. “Rural image” is an image system integrating technology and culture, which harmonizes the relationship between image aesthetic taste and rural aesthetic taste, so that different subjects form a common perception basis. At the same time, it is also the contemporary reconstruction of the experience of Chinese rural culture from classical to modern. It is a complex of recognizable spiritual and physical images with “rural” elements, and an important “method” to understand contemporary Chinese rural culture.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 126-135 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 561KB] ( 139 )

	136	The Course, Logical Path and Future of Chinese Drama in France after the Reform and Opening Up
		TIAN Jia-hui
		The drama culture exchange between China and France has a long history. Since Voltaire’s China Orphan in 1735, based on the translation of The Zhao Orphans by the Sinologist Joseph, up to now, the cultural exchange of Chinese and French drama has gone through more than 280 years. In the early 19th century, after the publication of The Circle of Chalk translated by French sinologists Stanislas Julien and Antoine Bazin, which lead to a climax of “Chinese drama fever” in France. In the era of Reform and Opening Up, Chinese drama culture opened a free and openness form of creation. In 1980, the drama Teahouse performed in France was called ‘the miracle on the Eastern stage’ by western audience. In the 21st century, under the context of a community with a shared future for mankind, the new versions of Chinese drama Teahouse and The Seventh Day were in-unit repertoire of the Avignon Theatre Festival. China’s mainstream theater outlook, with its popular nature, integrity, innovation and diversified integration, not only has a certain compatibility with the founding concept of the Avignon Theater Festival, but also actually constituted the subsequent cultural leadership. The processes of acceptance and cases of Chinese drama in France show that in order to successfully perform and effectively spread Chinese classic drama works overseas. Firstly, we should build a drama content that can reflect Chinese cultural characteristics and tell Chinese drama stories well, and then have a corresponding unique style of the world stage. Only by building up strong cultural self-confidence and enhancing the consciousness of drama culture development, can Chinese drama stories glow with the unique cultural light of our country in France and the whole world.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 136-143 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 576KB] ( 75 )

	144	From “Container”, “Place” to “Society”: The Modern Turn of Spatial Narratives in Western Philosophy
		XIE Li-xia
		The multiple meanings of spatial interpretation make the theoretical task of clarifying the mapping of spatial concepts and the axes of evolution particularly important. Three were two types of “mise-en-scène” in the concept pedigre of space in Western philosophy before the 19th century. The first is the “myopic” distortion of spatial absolutism, which uses natural science as a yardstick, focuses too closely on the appearance of objects, and understands space as the form of existence of objects, the “container” that exists before the material entity, and reduces the significance of space to materiality. Secondly, it is the space relativism of “far-sightedness” fantasy, which replaces the concept of “object” with “field”, and projects too far to the subjective imagery, thinking that space is the action field composed of the system of relations between substances. The reduction of space to a juxtaposition of relations or perceptual concepts to the abstract world of mental conception obscures the diversity of relations between things. In order to correct the naturalistic or empirical myopia of space formed by the confrontation between spatial absolutism and spatial relativism, Marx criticized the old materialism and idealism and emphasized the importance of practice in constructing the world, so that the concept of “social space” with practice as the kernel became a new theoretical growth point. Following this, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and other theorists broke the constraints of the traditional interpretation of space, and took human existence as the origin of the foundation for the understanding of space, and the philosophical interpretation of space took a new turn. The paradigm shift of spatial narrative gives theoretical resonance to Chinese-style modernization and urbanization.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 144-152 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 549KB] ( 97 )

	153	From Male Beauty to Female Beauty: Change of the Semantic History of the Gender Orientation of “Li”
		YANG Ai-jiao
		The word “Li”(麗) has a meaning of “beautiful”, which has been preserved to this day, but it refers to different genders in different historical periods. The pre-Qin Period advocated great beauty, and “Li” refers to both men and women, but mainly refers to men. In the Han Dynasty, the modification object of “Li” became clear, and it directly pointed to a person’s “appearance”; the words that match the word “Li” differed depending on gender. When it pointed to men, the combination of words such as “Mei”(美), “Zhuang”(壮) and “Man”(曼) highlights the elegance of men; when it refers to women, it is often combined with the words “Shu”(姝), “Miao”(妙) and “Yi”(逸) to emphasize the beauty of women. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, both men and women regarded femininity as their beauty, so the word “Li” is unisex for both men and women. Except for a certain period in the Tang Dynasty, women were beautiful because they were fat, and in other periods, they were beautiful because they were delicate. “Li” mainly describes women. In the Song Dynasty, women were beautiful because they were humble and thin, and most of them were beautiful. In this case, “beautiful” refers to women. After the Yuan Dynasty, the standards of physical beauty of men and women were completely differentiated. Men regarded strong as beautiful, and women regarded thin as beautiful. “Li” only pointed to women, and became an exclusive adjective for women. To be analyzed from the perspective of the semantic history, the semantic scope of “Li” has undergone at least three changes: the first is the expansion of the semantic scope, and “Li” has developed from referring mostly to men in the Pre-Qin Period to a generic reference to men and women in the Han and Wei dynasties; the second change is the semantic scope has narrowed. “Li” has evolved from referring to both men and women in the Han and Wei dynasties to mostly referring to women in the Tang and Song dynasties. The third change is the narrowing of the semantic scope again. “Li” has evolved from referring mostly to women in the Tang and Song dynasties to merely referring to women in the Yuan Dynasty. Nowadays, “Li” has a clear direction and clear meaning, and has become a morpheme with extremely strong word-forming ability.
		2023 Vol. 40 (5): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 697KB] ( 64 )

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