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	2021 Vol.38 Issue.2 Published 2021-03-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit Political Science and Rule of Law

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	5	Translation-Driven Indology in China
		WANG Xiang-yuan
		Ancient Buddhist studies, modern Sanskrit studies and Indology in China all start and evolve with translation, a phenomenon that can be generalized as translation-driven. Before the Song Dynasty, Buddhist studies went hand in hand with Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures. In the 20th century when translation switched from Buddhist scriptures to Hindu scriptures, this tradition continues. However, for some time, writings and translation have been indistinguishable with the scholar XU Fan-cheng as a representative of this approach. In contemporary China, Indologists like JI Xian-lin, JIN Ke-mu and HUANG Bao-sheng extensively translate Sanskrit classics and Indian classics, but there are clear boundaries between their translations and writings. Indology in China has taken different forms in different periods of history, but one characteristic remains unchanged: It has been and still is translation-driven.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 5-13 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 553KB] ( 370 )

	14	Five Pundits of Translation and Dissemination of Indian Literature in Contemporary China
		YU Long-yu, ZHU Xuan
		In the history of cultural exchange between China and India, there were four great and renowned scripture translators, Kumarajiva, Zhen Di, Xuan Zang and Yi Jing. In contemporary China, five noted translators on Indian literature, who have forged a connection between past and future, have achieved noticeable accomplishments. They were Prof. JI Xian-lin, Prof. XU Fan-cheng, Prof. JIN Ke-mu, Prof. LIU An'wu and Prof. HUANG Bao-sheng. They should be well-known among scholars of the history of cultural relations between China and other countries. Prof. JI Xian-lin was a great Indologist and translator second to none in China and widely recognized in the world. Without him, the history of Chinese contemporary translation would have been different. Prof. XU Fan-cheng was lauded as “the pride of his generation” by Prof. Lokesh Chandra, a national treasure of India. He created new translation approach for Indian classics and became a successful practitioner of his unique “creative translation”. Prof. JIN Ke-mu was the best translator achieving both similarity in form and substance, and the founder of Chinese translation of Indian epics and Sanskrit literary theory. Prof. LIU An'wu was the measure of Chinese translation on Hindi literature and also the authority of Premchand studies. HUANG Bao-sheng was a new milestone in the study and translation of Sanskrit literary theory in China, a master of the comparative study of Sanskrit and Chinese Buddhist scriptures, and a world-renowned outstanding Sanskrit scholar. These five masters have made four major contributions: they have inherited the excellent translation tradition and style of the Chinese nation; they have greatly enriched the translated literature in China; they have cultivated and influenced a group of accomplished translators; their tenacious academic character and dedicated pursuit of studies is inspiring for future geenrations.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 14-22 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 629KB] ( 306 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	23	Expectation for Village Party Secretaries and their Training Mechanism in Rural Revitalization
		OU Jian
		In the process of rural revitalization, the Communist Party and the general public place high expectation on village party secretaries. They are leaders for high-quality rural development through the construction of the communist party at grassroots level and rural revitalization, implementers of effective rural governance, promoters of agricultural and rural modernization, and proponents of civilized customs. However, due to the constraint of many subjective and objective factors, in the context of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization, the village party secretaries find themselves caught in a dilemma. Specifically, some of them are not quite clear about their roles, some misbehave on their positions, some are not competent for their jobs, and some are confused about their roles as they wear many hats. In the new era, to further implement the strategy of rural revitalization, we need to take following measures. Firstly, we should help party secretaries in rural areas better understand their roles and build corresponding training mechanisms. In addition, we should focus on the ability enhancement of the party secretaries' ability in rural areas and construct corresponding mechanisms. Furthermore, we should propose a code of conduct for party secretaries in rural areas and establish corresponding regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we should aim at cultivating full-time party secretaries in rural areas and build a corresponding promotion mechanism.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 23-31 [Abstract] ( 10 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 539KB] ( 331 )

	32	The Formation Mechanism of Accountability Confusion and the Way of Precise Governance
		GU Zhi-jun
		As an important part of the supervision system of the CPC and the state, the accountability work has achieved great success, but also revealed new problems. These problems can be generalized as “accountability confusion”, which is characterized by formalization, simplification, arbitrariness and selectiveness of accountability. From the perspective of academic theory, the reasons for the accountability confusion lie in the mismatching of accountability rights and responsibilities, the lack of discipline of the accountability subjects, the difficulty in defining the accountability object, the inaccurate accountability boundary, and the inadequate standardization of the accountability process. To prevent and resolve the accountability confusion, we need to adhere to precise thinking and implement precise accountability. Precise governance and technical governance enrich the theoretical basis of precise accountability in terms of purpose and means. Based on the concept of precise governance and technical governance, the realization of precise accountability requires the coordination of technology and system. At the technical level, the approach is based on the use of technology, which drives the accurate realization of accountability by keeping trace of the core elements of accountability. At the system level, the approach is based on the problems reflected at the technical level and enhances the accuracy of accountability by improving the design of the accountability system mechanism. It is of great significance to deeply analyze the formation mechanism of accountability confusion and put forward governance strategies to encourage cadres to take on new responsibilities in the new era.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 32-38 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 477KB] ( 257 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	39	Cultural Ecology and Cultural Formats in the New Era
		LI Xiang-min, YANG Kun
		The development of human society has entered the era of spiritual economy. The primary contradiction of Chinese society has been translated into the contradiction between people's increasing need for a better life and the imbalance and insufficiency. The change of the primary social contradiction presents new challenges for the development of cultural industries and the innovation of cultural operation. Cultural ecology is characterized with openness, balance, and active growth. Due to the changes of the external environment such as politics, economy, society and technology, the previous cultural ecological balance has been reconstructed, the core of culture has changed, and cultural ecology has evolved from generation to generation. Mainstream culture exerts its influence through its connection with cultural formats, forming a healthy and stable cultural organism, and promoting the innovation and development of cultural formats. Cultural ecology enables the innovative development of cultural formats through the value transformation of spiritual culture. Cultural formats evolve in two ways, horizontal evolution based on industrial integration and vertical evolution based on technological innovation. It promotes the culturalization of traditional industries and the industrialization of spiritual culture, and improves the spiritual added value of products. As an important driving force, the development of science and technology promotes the establishment of cultural industry chain clusters, and the surge of cultural formats. Spurred by external energy, the emerging cultural formats contribute to the reconstruction of cultural ecological balance, the innovation of cultural enterprise management, and bring vitality to China's economic development.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 39-48 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 582KB] ( 312 )

	49	Classification of Organizational Slack and M&A of Cultural Firms: Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies of Cultural Media in China
		PAN Ai-ling, SUN Lei
		Organizational slack is the portion of an enterprise's available resources that exceed the necessary resources for normal operation. The heterogeneous characteristics of classified organizational slack will exert contingent effects on M&A behaviors and consequences of cultural firms. Based on the samples of A-share listed cultural media companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2014 to 2019, this paper makes situational analysis of the impact of classified organizational slack on M&A decision-making and performance of cultural firms, and observes the differential expression under different property rights. The findings show that the available and potential slack could promote M&A of cultural firms and they are positively correlated with M&A in the same industry, that the recoverable slack inhibits M&A of cultural firms and is negatively correlated with M&A in the same industry and cross-regional M&A. Compared with state-owned firms, private sectors show more significant above characteristics. The available slack and potential slack has significant negative impact on M&A performance of cultural firms, while the recoverable slack only bring about insignificant improvement on M&A performance. This study expands the research on the strategic behavior of M&A of cultural firms from the perspective of organizational slack, and provides reference for the management of organizational slack, and decision-making in M&A of cultural firms.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 49-60 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 566KB] ( 244 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	61	An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship among Application of Artificial Intelligence, Share of Labor Compensation and Unemployment Rate
		MA Guo-wang, LI Bei-yao
		Artificial intelligence technology has dual effects on employment and income distribution through its own substitution and compensation effects. In different stages of the development of artificial intelligence, its dominant mechanisms are different. Based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019, the PVAR model is constructed, and impulse response and variance decomposition are carried out to explore the dynamic relationship among the application of artificial intelligence, employment and income distribution. The findings show that: As for the impact of artificial intelligence application on the unemployment rate, the unemployment in China are mostly natural and structural. The crowding-out effect of the wide use of artificial intelligence technology on labor market is not obvious, on the contrary, it creates a number of new jobs and effectively relieves the employment pressure of workers. As for the change in the share of labor compensation, artificial intelligence has already shown its inhibitory effect, and this impact will grow with time. At the same time, the unemployment rate and share of labor compensation are negatively correlated. It means the rising unemployment rate brings down the share of labor compensation, and vice versa. However, both of them have no significant effect on the application degree of artificial intelligence, indicating that currently the wide use of artificial intelligence technology in China is less affected by the feedback of the labor market.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 61-70 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 782KB] ( 543 )

	71	Optimal Financial Structure, Industrial Technology Innovation and Economic Growth：Analysis from the Perspective of Structural Economics:Based on New Structural Economics
		ZHOU Li, ZHAO Qiu-yun
		The financial structure includes the quantity and quality of financial supply. Only when the financial structure goes well with the development of the real economy can it effectively promote industrial technological innovation and the growth of the real economy. This paper builds a theoretical model from the perspective of new structural economics, and uses the panel data of China from 2003 to 2017 at national level and regional level to empirically analyze the relationship between financial structure, industrial technological innovation and economic growth. The findings show that: as far as the quantity of financial supply is concerned, China's total financial supply is superfluous. Whether at national level or regional level, the quantity of financial supply restrains economic growth to a certain extent, but the restraining effect of the financial supply quantity grows weak with the improvement of the degree of industrial technological innovation. As far as the quality of financial supply is concerned, the structure and vitality of financial market have both contributed to promoting economic growth at national level and regional level, and their contribution grows with the continuous upgrading of industrial technology innovation. The efficiency of financial market has no significant inhibitory effect on the overall economic growth, but has a positive effect on the economic growth in developed and moderately developed regions. When other economic conditions remain unchanged, the improvement of marketization and financial market efficiency can elevate industrial technological innovation.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 71-83 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 761KB] ( 314 )

Political Science and Rule of Law

	84	The Possibility of Anti-fraud in Social Insurance: Choice of Anti-fraud Strategy on the Basis of Public Awareness
		WANG Su-fen
		Social insurance fraud poses a threat to the security of social funds. In order to realize the orderly operation of social insurance funds, we should further promote anti-fraud work. When designing the anti-fraud system in social insurance, we need to respect public opinion. Only in this way can the anti-fraud work be widely recognized and actively participated by the public. According to the results of the public awareness questionnaire on social insurance fraud, about 80% of the public have heard of social insurance fraud. In terms of general awareness, the public thinks that fraud in basic medical insurance is the most common. Social insurance fraud is more concentrated in payment and collection stage, and the main subjects of fraud are natural persons, social insurance agencies and their staff. In terms of the punishment of fraud, the public thinks that social insurance fraud should be punished, and generally does not agree with light punishment. In terms of public participation in anti-fraud, more than 80 percent respondents have no idea of local anti-fraud documents in social insurance. About 73 percent of respondents are willing to report social security fraud. Based on the above findings, the comprehensive application of strategies such as the formulation of an anti-fraud law, increasing the reward for the public to report fraud, improving whistle-blower protection system, further expanding the coverage of social insurance can effectively help realize the goal of anti-fraud in social insurance.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 84-94 [Abstract] ( 9 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 531KB] ( 212 )

	95	China-Russia-U.S. Strategic Triangle and World Order
		HOU Ai-jun
		China, Russia and the United States are all major powers in the world. The strategic trilateral relations among China, Russia and the United States and their evolution is an important angle for the observation of international political issues. Examining any bilateral relation among the three, we feel the invisible presence of a third party, and there is always some misunderstanding when we examine any two of them without considering the third one. Since the 1990s, China and Russia have been conservative forces in the world order in most cases, and have benefited from it to some extent. Therefore, both China and Russia are important for geopolitical balance. It is the United States that has been constantly eroding and destroying the existing world order, but accusing China and Russia of trying to subvert the existing world order, or being “revisionists” in the international order. The US-led world order is unfair and exclusive to the non-Western world. Because of the hegemonic logic of the United States and its efforts to maintain the exclusive hegemonic order, China, Russia, Iran and other countries have felt a strong sense of insecurity and deprivation, and thus have become forced rebels of the existing world order. With the continuous decline of U.S. hegemony, efforts should be made to reshape multilateral cooperation based on the strategic balance between China, Russia and the US, rejuvenate international organizations such as the United Nations, and establish a more just new international political and economic order.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 95-104 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 607KB] ( 307 )

	105	The Logic of Operation and Generation Mechanism on the Mode of the Poverty Alleviation Workshop
		HE Yang
		The poverty alleviation workshop is an innovative practice of local government to help poor households out of poverty and become better off through employment. Based on the poverty alleviation workshop model in J County, this paper presents an analytical framework of value integration, resource integration, information integration and interest integration from the perspective of cooperative governance, and explores the operation logic and generation mechanism of the poverty alleviation workshop model. The study reveals that the poverty alleviation workshop mode is the result of the joint efforts of the government, enterprises, villagers' committees and poor households. With the support of the government and villagers' committees, enterprises set up workshops in villages, recruiting non-poor households to maintain the normal operation of the workshops and attract poor households to work there, so as to help poor households achieve stable income growth. The poverty alleviation workshops are close to the villagers' homes, flexible in working hours, lax in job requirements, and labor-intensive. The emerging of the poverty alleviation workshop model results from many efforts of the government, enterprises, and villagers committees such as their insistence on the equality and autonomy of cooperators, the formation of resource absorption mechanism, the establishment of information communication mechanism, and the generation of the benefit sharing mechanism for cooperators. In this way, the cooperators realize the organic integration of value, resources, information and interests, and thus establish a symbiotic relationship. In the future, we should pay attention to the vulnerability of the benefit sharing mechanism of cooperators, promote the normalization of the poverty alleviation workshop model which emerged in a special period, and forge a close connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 105-113 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 564KB] ( 353 )

Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

	114	Narrative Value of FANG Bao's “Theory of Righteousness”
		WANG Xian-pei
		When elaborating his “theory of righteousness (yi, 义)”, FANG Bao put forward, explained, and implemented “Shi Fa (史法)”, namely, the principle and approach of histriographical writings, which is actually a narrative theory. He advocated true content and beautiful language in narration. The author should not only adhere to proper narrative ethics, but also apply superb narrative techniques, which are the two key points of narratology. In view of the prevailing trend of “intentionally untruthful writing” and “giving farfetched interpretation” among litterateurs and historians, he spoke out against flattery and exaggeration. In view of the mediocre, dull, and empty narration at the time, he transformed the proposition of “not recording ordinary things” of contemporary classic school into the proposition of literary narratology, which requires the refinement of plots and the delicate arrangement of details. This provides reference for the construction of narrative ethics and the innovation of narrative techniques. In this sense, “theory of righteousness” has significance and value for narratology.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 114-120 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 517KB] ( 365 )

	121	Changes in the Practice of Quotation and the Establishment of Quotation Norms in the Han Dynasty
		KE Zhen-chang
		The practice of quotation was prevalent in the Han Dynasty, which was closely related to the social and political changes at that time. In the early Han Dynasty, there were few quotations in writings as both monarchs and ministers favored straight talking. Emperor Wu advocated Confucianism and attached importance to literature, and the practice of quotation thus became increasingly popular, and many norms were established in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. In late Western Han and early Eastern Han, the ruling class promoted divination, which influenced the practice of quotation. At that time, articles were often fraught with quotations, and they were mostly from books on divination. Although Confucianism lost its popularity at the end of the Han Dynasty, more norms about quotation were established. The source must be classical, the content must be rightful, the form must conform to rules, the manner must be in tune with the times, the function is to satirize and expostulate, and words must be accurate and true. Articles with many accurate and appropriate quotations are excellent articles. Quotations should be from great masters and not contradictory with each, and no plagiarism. These are the fundamental norms for quotation in the Han Dynasty. The practice of quotation which reached maturity in the Han Dynasty has influenced the literary creation of later generations, and quotation has also gradually become an important way for Chinese nation to argue and reason, and express ideas and emotions.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 121-129 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 694KB] ( 216 )

	130	On the “Black Hole Effect” from the Perspective of Communication Studies and the Trend of Media Culture
		LI Wen-ming, Lv Fu-yu
		The influence of media permeates all levels of culture, forming a new social and cultural system—media culture, which has become one of the most noteworthy cultural landscapes and important forms of contemporary culture worldwide. Reflecting on media culture from the perspective of communication studies, we find that media culture researches have shifted their focus from mass communication to minority communication or focus communication. Media culture is diversified and inclusive with players from traditional mass media institutions, network and new media, government media and we-media. In social life, media, like a “black hole”, absorbs various cultural elements and constantly integrates various cultural phenomena, resulting in significant media “black hole effect”. At present, the “black hole effect” of media is mainly embodied in the hot-spot effect of new media, the fusion effect of intermediality, the polarization effect of dissipating users' opinions, the phagocytic effect of media entertainment, the “hollow-in-the-center” effect of superficial cultural prosperity and the reflective effect of “time-travel” culture. The “black hole effect” has profound impact on the direction of media culture. Media culture is showing the trend of moving from media integration to cultural integration, from optimizing public opinion guidance to implementing cultural guidance, from enhancing the credibility of mass media to that of we-media.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 130-141 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 669KB] ( 454 )

	142	Participatory Society and Founding of Modern Welfare State: A Case Study of Sweden in the First Half of 20th Century
		LI Jie
		In the early 20th century, the absence of universal suffrage excluded disadvantaged groups from Swedish social governance system. This non-participatory social governance resulted in poor welfare condition in Sweden at that time. The social welfare system is mainly intended for poverty relief, supplemented with the low-subsidized insurance system for industrial injury, Medicare and pension. With the realization of universal suffrage in early 1920s, Sweden began the transition to a participatory society. During this period, the SAP changed its ideology, put forward the idea of Folkhemmet, and actively participated in building social welfare system. As a result, Sweden's social insurance system has been greatly improved, with subsidy increased, clear obligation placed on the national financial system to support the insurance funding, and the autonomous groups of the disadvantaged groups brought into the social governance system. In the mid-1930s, with the establishment of SAP's long-term ruling position and the conclusion of the Saltsjöbadsavtalet Agreement, the participatory society in which all social groups engaged in the formulation and implementation of national policies. Henceforth, based on Myrdals'【Crisis in the Population Question】,Swedish government launched a variety of welfare policies for the purpose of reducing the burden of people's daily life, which laid a good foundation for the formation of a modern welfare state.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 142-148 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 234 )

	149	Reflection on Discourse Logic and Ideology of Digital Capitalism
		RU Xu-hua, WANG Huai-jun
		Digital capitalism has created a self-evident discourse logic such as democracy, freedom, pluralism, equality, and openness, revolutionizing our way of life in many aspects and making digital life, online freelance work, socializing with like-minded people via social media, online shopping and mobile payment, surfing the Internet for pleasure, and online engagement in politics a reality. These revolutionary changes have been obsessed, pursued, and beautifully imagined by the public. However, the truth behind their beautiful illusion is the alienation and exploitation of digital labor, algorithmic control, Internet hegemony and violation of cyber sovereignty, and technological utopia. The reflection and warning of the ideological world and the harsh reality have gradually awakened people from the illusion created by the logic and ideology of digital capitalism. Under pressure and out of conscience, the business community, technological world and the society at large have taken measures to rectify digital capitalism. At the same time, Western countries have also begun to act in an attempt to ease the increasingly tense social and class contradictions caused by digital capitalism due to the protests of digital labor.
		2021 Vol. 38 (2): 149-160 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 668KB] ( 532 )

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