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	2018 Vol.35 Issue.4 Published 2018-07-15

	Creative Economy and Cultural Industry Special Economic Zones and Chinese Road Dialogues among Civilizations and Cultural Comparison Humanities and Chinese Spirit Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance Economic Growth and Financial Creativity Political space and the Rule of Law Higher Education and Smart Media Dissemination]

Dialogues among Civilizations and Cultural Comparison

	5	Character of Times and National Character: Academic Construction in the Cultural Confidence
		CHEN Ze-huan
		There exists an opposite and complementary relation between the epochal character and national character of culture. Prosperity of country and prosperity of culture make each other possible, and it is the same in the relation between a strong nation and a strong culture. China’s cultural confidence in the new era is not only an issue of the epochal character of culture which mirrors the historical progress, but also an issue of the national character of culture which is essential to national rejuvenation. CHEN Xian-da’s “broad concept of culture” serves as a strong argument for the national character of culture, and his “narrow concept of culture” is an excellent argument for the epochal character of culture, while contemporary cultural philosophy is a theoretical system aiming to demonstrate the unity between the epochal and national character in cultural confidence. Therefore, in order to realize the cultural confidence of China in the new era, the unity of structural theory, morphological theory and typology theory should be realized in the theory construction of cultural philosophy.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 5-7 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 572 )

	12	Universal Quality and Practice Patterns of Confucian Moral Education
		WEI Bing-e
		The practice of Confucian moral education includes ethical practice and political practice. The ethical practice of Confucian moral education plays the same function as great religious traditions in the world, while the political practice of Confucian moral education did exist in Eastern feudal system, therefore, Confucian moral education is international and universal. The Confucian moral education with universal quality has three typical practice patterns in the world: one is the Eastern-pattern practice of Vietnam to civilize the society, enrich national spirit and political practice, the other is East-West integration pattern of Singapore to help shape “Singaporeans” and get them out of the predicament of materialism through the study of Confucian Ethics and Disciples Rules (Di Zi Gui),the third is the Western pattern which shifts from East Asian practice to the practice of Europe and the United States in academic research, and in moral education emphasizes self-actualization (based on the unity of individuals and society) and the construction of the moral education mode which attaches equal importance to cultivation of EQ and IQ. The Vietnamese practice offers us new perspective in Confucian moral education, the Singaporean practice provides inspiration for the modernization of Confucian moral education, and European and American practice broadens our horizon in Confucian moral education, and the three patterns together have important implications for the development of Confucian moral education.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 12-21 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 566KB] ( 645 )

Special Economic Zones and Chinese Road

	22	China’s Distribution Theory Innovation and Distribution System Reform since Reform and Opening-up
		CAI Ji-ming
		Since the reform and opening up, along with the formation of mixed ownership structure based on public ownership and the development of diverse forms of ownership, China's distribution system has gradually changed from a single distribution on the basis of labor to distribution in accordance with various factors of production, and the major changes in the distribution system is based on the distribution theory innovation on the basis of production factors. According to the distribution theory on the basis of contribution of production factors, the ownership of non-labor elements is only the legal basis for the factor owners to take shares in distribution, and their shares depend on the contribution of the factors. Namely, in terms of primary distribution, as long as the income share of various factors is consistent with the contribution of these factors to the value (social wealth), the distribution is fair, reasonable and effective, which provides theoretical basis for the development of non-public economy and the protection of private property.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 22-30 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 641 )

	31	Three Major Institutional Contributions of the Establishment and Development of China’s Special Economic Zones
		YUAN Yi-ming
		The special economic zone is an important contribution of China's reform and opening up to the world in the past 40 years and is an important part of the Chinese program. Institutional innovation experiments and the promotion of overall economic take-off are two major signs that distinguish China's special economic zones from other types of special economic development zones in the world. Taking the lead in exploring the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economy target system, exploring the path from economic backwardness to take-off, and the transition path from growth to development are the two fundamental bases for the establishment and development of China's special economic zones. The development miracle of China's special economic zones is derived from institutional exploration and path practice. As one of the earliest institutional experimental areas in the process of transition from planning system to market economic system, the institutional improvement effect from the planning system to the socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics is the fundamental driving force for its development. The establishment and development of China's special economic zones have made the world's special economic zone model an effective development system that exceeds the introduction of foreign capital, a dynamic optimization model that transcends the “model static”, and an endogenous institutional supply that transcends the external source of the system. In the future, transformation of development path and prioritization of institutional reform will remain the core of the development of special economic zones.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 31-36 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 520 )

Creative Economy and Cultural Industry

	37	Super Creativity and Collective Action in Times of Crisis
		Jonathan Paquette
		The year 2008 witnessed a serious economic crisis, but its impact on creative workers (in this case, super creativity) was minimal, and creative workers were even immune to the crisis. The reason behind this is simple and obvious. Creative workers and creative classes are often the driving force of economic growth. They represent the core of current production methods and capitalism. The super creativity of art and culture minimizes the impact of economic recession as the recent economic downturn, on the contrary, has led to the rise of new collective action of art and cultural organizations. The culture and art industry has shown good inclusiveness and even the possibility of recovery. The artist is the best example of the current state of labor and work organization. In addition, the economic turmoil has also promoted the emergence of new slogans and the rise of web-based learning.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 37-44 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 352 )

	45	Problems with China’s “Internet +” Art Platforms and Ways of Enhancing Their Competitiveness
		LI Yu-qin
		The deep integration of culture and art and “Internet +” has spawned the “Internet +” art platforms. This platform economy supported by technology and based on transactions of massive creative products has disrupted the traditional forms of art transactions and given birth to new models of platform economy, which requires the art platform economy to diversify cooperation in production mode, realize reasonable and unified marketing, people-oriented service and demand-driven consumption. However, there are still many problems with China’s art enterprises such as lack of investment, low competitiveness of production factors, low market competitiveness due to disparity in regional development despite development of the overall market, low competitiveness of related industries such as the underdeveloped galleries and the chaotic auction market (some artists bypass the primary market and put their products directly on the auction market), and low competitiveness of enterprises such as lack of innovation of their structures, strategies and cultures. Using Potter's Diamond Model theory to analyze the cases of Artron Art Network and Artxun Art Network, we can build a competitive model of the “Internet +” art platforms from the five perspectives of government, enterprise, technology, creativity and media. Starting from the aspects of industrial competitiveness, serving competitive ness, policy competitiveness and cultural innovation competitiveness, we will seek a competitive strategy suitable for the survival of Chinese art platform enterprises, thereby enhancing China’s domestic competition enthusiasm and international competitiveness.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 45-52 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 512KB] ( 504 )

Economic Growth and Financial Creativity

	53	Essence, Application Conditions and Prospects of Block Chain Technology
		DENG Ke
		Block chain, as a network database, a book that uses block records to record transaction information, is essentially a distributed public ledger, namely, a series of chained data structures constructed on the basis of cryptography and ensured not tamperable or forgeable. Block chain is not a single technology or framework, but a distributed reconfiguration of technologies and platforms in the Internet age. Block chain technology is a technique for encrypting and time-stamping data, forming data chains according to time stamp order, and storing data in a distributed manner. This technology covers a variety of cutting-edge computer technologies including point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, distributed storage, and has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, traceability and collective maintenance. With these characteristics, block chain technology is especially effective in credit management, cross-border payment and settlement, supply chain finance, unified user account system, data sharing platform, asset securitization, legal digital currency, financial market services, bank asset trustship systems, etc. Although block chain technology has problems such as low update frequencies and difficult supervision, once it breaks through in many technical and non-technical areas, block chain technology will nurture and innovate various underlying technology platforms, and profoundly change the ecosystem in many industries, and then trigger major changes in the entire economic and social life.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 53-61 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 960KB] ( 733 )

	62	Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Urbanization Quality and Future Trends in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
		ZHOU Zheng-zhu
		The quality of urbanization is a comprehensive concept that reflects the excellence degree of urbanization in the process of urbanization. It measures the quality and coordination of the development of urbanization and ecosystem components. Using variation coefficient method and the GM(1,1) model, this paper makes comprehensive evaluation and prediction of the urbanization quality of the eleven provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The findings show that the urbanization quality of the Yangtze River Economic Belt region is generally not high. From the time dimension, the urbanization quality of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2010-2016 and its sub-dimension urbanization and comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment are on the rise, and the urbanization quality and regional differences in sub-dimension urbanization are showing an expansion, but there is a decrease in the regional differences in ecological environment. From the spatial dimension, the urbanization quality of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2010-2016 and its sub-dimension urbanization development show the spatial characteristics of “the eastern region is better than the central and western regions”, while the ecological environment development is just the opposite: central and western regions are better than eastern regions. Finally, this paper makes prediction of the urbanization quality of 2017-2022: the quality of urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt will show a steady upward trend.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 62-71 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 727KB] ( 410 )

	72	Characteristics and Generation Mechanism of Equity Disputes in Rural Stock Cooperative Economy
		DU Yuan-yuan
		It is generally believed that the collective appeal to a clear boundary, the imperfect property rights system, and the conflict between the law and the village rules are the main reasons for the rural equity disputes. A classification study of equity disputes in rural stock cooperative economy in Dongguan shows that rural equity shares are mixed with the “membership” of traditional communities, and its rights and interests have multiple characteristics, which in turn results in a distinct community-based rural equity disputes which are different from those in modern companies. Therefore, multiple equity is the trait of rural equity disputes, and community-based features are distinctive of rural equity disputes. As a result, the generation mechanism of rural equity disputes has its own characteristics, manifested in the rights of shareholders being connected with the obligations of residents, the appeal of shareholders to the rights of community members being important content of equity disputes, and the differential distribution of community welfare being hidden risk of equity disputes. To analyze and solve the causes of rural equity disputes, we should admitted the multiplicity and community-based features of rural equity in order to smoothly promote the reform of rural property rights system.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 72-79 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 558KB] ( 351 )

Political space and the Rule of Law

	80	“Political Discipline”: A review of the History of Concepts
		ZHOU Jia-bin, WU Zu-kun
		At present, our party's definition of "political discipline" mainly includes three major components: the discipline of political line, the discipline of political work and the discipline of political life. Each of these three parts has its complicated historical development. When "political discipline" first appeared, it mainly referred to the discipline of maintaining the political line. In 1927, in the name of "political discipline", Qu Qiubai fought against the words and deeds of Peng Shuzhi and others who violated the party's political line. Subsequently, the discipline of political work became another important meaning of "political discipline." During the period of the democratic revolution, with the development of military struggle, military political discipline became an important part of the discipline of political work. Since the reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee put fprward the discipline of political life, promulgated the "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party", and proposed that the party's organizational discipline be also "political discipline" and make maintaining the authority of the central government an important part of "political discipline ", and the political discipline of the military has gradually moved closer to this. On the basis of maintaining the discipline of the party's political line and maintaining the authority of the central party committee, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further enriched and developed the connotation of "political discipline". The focus of the concept gradually tilted toward the political life within the party, and attached more importance to the political, epochal, principled, and combatant nature of the party’s political life, and highlighted the new connotation of "political discipline" in the new era.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 80-87 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 513KB] ( 424 )

	88	From Epistemology-oriented to Practice-oriented: Transition of Research Paradigms of Representation Issue in Democracy
		FAN Fan
		The current research on representation and related issues is mainly carried out in two aspects: One is the analytic philosophy approach, which focuses on the definition of representation, explaining "representation" with "representatives". The other is the historical tradition, whose main concern is the historical tradition of representation practice, focusing on the historical diversity of representation practice. On the whole, these studies are generally epistemology-oriented with the purpose of knowledge quest. However, in order to effectively reflect the democratic spirit and respond positively to the democratic demands of the times, it is even more necessary to study the representation issues from the perspective of democracy theory with the purpose of seeking governance. This first means that representation in democracy should be understood from the perspective of “selection” rather than “election”. In addition, it also means, on one hand, compared with the epistemological issues such as “what is the definition of representation” and “what are the historical traditions of representation practice”, effectively solving the problems of “distortion of representative identity” and “the quality of representation practice” in democracy are more urgent and important, on the other hand, reasonable representation practice is not based on the definition of representation and traditional representation practice experience, but on the long-term interaction between representation and democracy, in which the effective representation practice can not only promote the rationality of representation practice, but also enable the coordination and unity of representation practice and democracy.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 88-96 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 494KB] ( 357 )

	97	Procedure, Focus and Evasion path of EU’s Anti-dumping Sunset Review
		WU Hao-wen
		The EU has established a relatively systematic institutional framework with clear division of functions on anti-dumping sunset review. However, the provisions of the current EU regulations on sunset review are rather vague. The European Commission has considerable discretion in applying analytical methods, selecting data and establishing evaluation criteria, and it has high probability of reaching the conclusion of maintaining anti-dumping measures. To a certain extent, this will affect the fairness, accuracy and predictability of the sunset review conclusions. In this regard, taking into account the actual needs of the EU to protect the industrial development in the region, while paying attention to the update of policies and laws and regulations, enterprises should actively cooperate with the Commission to provide necessary information within the prescribed time limit to fully express their own demands in order to achieve a favorable outcome. On the other hand, enterprises should develop diversified development strategies based on their own situation and the situation of their industries, related industries in the EU and their major competitors, in order to more actively respond to the possible impact of sunset review on enterprises.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 97-105 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 481KB] ( 394 )

	106	Proper Regulation of Gene Editing: Being Modest and Open
		TIAN Ye, LIU Xia
		Gene editing has caused great controversy on global scale, and it is of urgent need to strengthen legal regulation in this regard. Gene editing is of great significance in helping precision medicine and improving human health, but it has huge potential risks. In awe of life, and in view of the current technical immaturity, the law regulating genetic editing must be in agreement with the modesty and restraint principle and defend the bottom line of human dignity. At the same time, the law should be moderately open, leaving space for scientific progress and social development. At present, the law should only offer limited permit to the researches and applications of genetic editing whose safety has been verified, including gene editing and somatic gene editing in basic research and preclinical research. The clinical trials and applications of germline gene editing and gene editing for enhancement should be banned at present, but the ban may be lifted in the future when their safety is verified and social consensus is reached and effective supervisions are in place.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 106-115 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 571KB] ( 505 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	116	Pension Contribution Reduction Mechanism and Policy Implementation for Women with Occupational Interruption in OECD Countries
		HAO Jun-fu
		Women may be constantly faced with the interruption of their careers due to their responsibilities to look after the family or simply unemployment. Occupational interruption leads to dramatic loss of women’s pension, and makes the poverty issue of aging women more serious. To relieve the negative impact of occupational disruption on women’s pension, most OECD countries provide pension contribution reduction mechanisms to women with professional interruptions in their public pension plans. The practice of OECD countries shows that “pension contribution reduction” is an effective pension mechanism design, which helps to fill the payment gap caused by occupational interruptions, and thus make women have more sufficient income in retirement. It becomes an important anti-poverty tool for aging women. The practice of OECD countries also shows that the impact of the pension contribution reduction policy depends on the generosity degree of the mechanism design. The pension contribution reduction mechanism needs to take into account both the generosity degree of the policy, the financial cost and employment incentives. The pension contribution reduction mechanism needs to be combined with the “family-friendly” employment policy.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 116-122 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 452KB] ( 416 )

	123	Practical Logic and Dilemma of Migrating Families in the City
		HU Die-quan
		Migrating families are a new family model formed in the context of population movement during the social transition period. They fall in between stem families and nuclear families, and can be divided into five types of child care, illness recovery, old-age provision, marriage urgers, and career support. The case study of Guiyang shows that in terms of family structure, the family members of migrating families are mobile and separated, the family relations are diversified, and the family boundaries are multi-faceted. In terms of financial strategy, the income of migrating families comes from a variety of sources, financially, parents and the offspring are mostly independent from each other, but not otherwise, and the property rights are concentrated in the hands of the offspring. In residential arrangement, parents and the offspring tend to live together. The intergenerational relations of immigrating families are caught in a dilemma: They are physically close but emotionally detached. The conflict between the need for intimate relationship and the family’s actual demand, the filial obligations of the son and the rationality of the daughter-in-law, the authority of the elderly and the autonomy of the young, cannot often be resolved in such families. Immigrating families conform to the logics of instrumental rationality and value rationality in practice. The game and dynamic balance of the two constitute the practical basis of immigrating families.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 123-131 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 576KB] ( 429 )

Higher Education and Smart Media Dissemination]

	132	University Is A Beautiful Being——On University Culture and Its Cultural Identification
		XIAO Hai-tao
		The university is a cultural existence. The enlightening thoughts, the beautiful culture, the upright virtues and the illuminating ideals constitute profound cultural landscape which makes universities what they are. Such are also the reasons for the continuous development of universities, and the deeper reason is that universities and their cultures are highly recognized by human society. The university culture is characterized by following qualities: Firstly, the university is a cultural community. As the Chinese characters Da Xue (literally meaning big school) suggests, the inclusive environment of universities and pursuit of knowledge of individuals make each other possible, which embodies a broad and inclusive atmosphere. Secondly, with its education and cultivation functions, the university is the spiritual homeland of mankind. It carries the hopes and dreams of humanity. Education together with cultivation promotes the advancement of human civilization. For people in the university, the university is their home, namely, they identify with their universities. The university cultural is full of vitality for the reason that the energetic people of the university relate themselves closely to University culture, absorbing and internalizing it in their own character. The construction of University culture should be “people-oriented” and universities should promote cultivation and education with excellent culture. To be world-class, Chinese universities should enhance cultural construction in higher institutions, and make university culture truly "people-oriented" and an essential part of higher education.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 132-139 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 548KB] ( 511 )

	140	Connective Actions: Mobilization Strategies and Structures of Social Media in NIMBY Movements
		LI Pei-ju
		The NIMBY movement is an organized action with a certain scale. Its preparation, mobilization and development are closely related to information dissemination. Apart from providing space for people to voice their opinions, social media also plays an important role in promoting the occurrence, communication and development of NIMBY movements. Taking the nuclear cycle of city G as an example, in the social media environment, the NIMBY movement generally follows the logic of connective actions, namely, the personal expression and the dissemination on social media become the two core elements for organization and mobilization: In the process of mobilization, the personal expression based on common appeal is conveyed by the discourse strategy of constructing emotional identification and sense of identity, while the social media represented by Weibo and WeChat becomes an important organization and mobilization force that promotes relatively united connective actions. The new media platform has become an online weak link organization for connective actions. The above reflects the strategy and structure of social media mobilization in NIMBY events. Through the measurement of the mobilization effect of participation in the nuclear cycle event of city G, the three indicators of the scale of the event, diversity of actions and second-time engagement show that flexible and diverse personal expressions do not increase organizational risks, but help resolve the crisis to a certain extent. Thus it provides reference for avoiding the NIMBY events.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 140-146 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 555KB] ( 497 )

Humanities and Chinese Spirit

	147	Why Does Ecological Ethics Need Ecotopia
		ZHANG Peng-song
		The historical evolution from industrial civilization to ecological civilization is not only the transformation of specific forms of politics and economies, but also requires the change of ethics as the enlightenment of ideas and culture. The emergence and development of ecological ethics is to assume the historical mission of this transformation of civilization and play the role of enlightenment and cultural leadership. The current research on ecological ethics often falls into the dilemma of natural centralism and anthropocentrism. An important reason is that it does not face the modern moral values and has not really touched the core issue of “modernity” morality. It is precisely the ideological logic of the “modernity” morality that splits the ecological ethics thought which originally had the overall organic meaning into diametrically opposed natural centralism and anthropocentrism, and loses the realistic demand of the moral rationality and moral practice to protect the nature. At the turning point of civilization, the ecological ethics research requires a utopian perspective. We should, under the guidance of ecological utopian thinking, get out of the ideological trap of “modernity” morality, move towards the ecological ethics of transcendence and integration, and to a certain degree, give full play to the enlightenment value, ideological motivation and practical power of ecological civilization.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 147-153 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 460KB] ( 350 )

	154	Different, Competing and United: The Structural Characteristics of ZHANG Zai’s Conception of Heaven and Man
		LIU Quan
		Based on the reflection of human practice, ZHANG Zai elaborated upon the three relations between Heaven and man and established a complete and consistent conception of Heaven and man: Heaven and man are different; Heaven and man alternately prevail over each other; Heaven and man are united. His theory not only inherited Confucian theory of Heaven and man represented by Confucius and Mencius, but also valued Lao Zi and his followers’ ideas of “Heaven and man being different” and “Heaven and man being divided”. He had reservations about Qi theory of Heaven and man, opposing defining everything by Qi, and the divination theory of Yin, Yang as well as five elements. ZHANG Zai held the view that we should first make introspection by understanding nature, rigorously inquiring into the marvelous world and understanding changes of things, and leading ourselves into the ecological and moral realm of “the trinity of man, Heaven and earth”so as to follow our conscience to the utmost, know our true nature and destiny and thus achieve connection and unity of Heaven and man. Although it is not easy to achieve unity of Heaven and man, ZHANG advised people that only through persistent efforts in moral improvement, system construction, and intellectual development can humans come infinitely close to this ideal state in spiritual life, social life and natural world.
		2018 Vol. 35 (4): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 512KB] ( 532 )

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