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	2022 Vol.39 Issue.1 Published 2022-01-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	5	People-centered Civil Enforcement Legislation: Its Logic, Value, and Key Components
		HUANG Zhong-shun
		XI Jin-ping thought on the rule of law is basically people-oriented. In civil enforcement legislation, we should stick to the people-oriented principle. Following this principle, the logical starting point of the people-centered civil enforcement legislation is the actual judicial protection of civil rights and interests. Its protection path is based on the fact that the abstract civil rights are confirmed to the specific civil rights and then to the actual realization of the civil rights. The essence of the legislation is transforming the static declaration of rights into the confirmation of real rights, and then ensuring the realization of rights by the state’s coercive force. Civil enforcement legislation should put the interest of the people in the procedure first. We should not only fight against departmentalism of practical departments, but also avoid enumerating foreign theories or cases to replace substantive argumentation. In civil enforcement legislation, we should not only properly adjust the relationship between creditors, debtors, interested parties, and outsiders, but also prevent those who are not accountable and are not properly protected from being involved in the enforcement procedure. Therefore, the people-centered civil enforcement legislation should be based on three major values: be efficient, humane and stability-oriented. The key to implementing the principle of civil compulsory execution legislation lies in following measures: adhering to the inequality principle in defining rights and liabilities; going beyond the supplementary principle of indirect enforcement in settling the money creditor’s claims; properly applying the above three values in the determination and change of the subject matter, and ensuring that the civil enforcement relief system can help outsiders who are not accountable out of troubles quickly.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 5-10 [Abstract] ( 7 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 524KB] ( 527 )

	15	The Evolution of the CPC’s Guideline Documents on Maritime Affairs and Its Logic of International Rule of Law
		MA De-yi
		The CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs are unique records, dissemination, expression and interpretation of the stance, views and proposition of the CPC and Chinese government on maritime governance. They underlie the CPC’s governance in maritime affairs. The evolution of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs can be divided into five stages: the stage of claiming maritime sovereignty, the stage of initially implementing the concept of maritime community, the stage of safeguarding maritime rights, the stage of emphasizing maritime legislation, and the stage of advocating the maritime community with a shared future. The CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs are symptomatic of the times, the value of international law, the CPC’s aspiration for inclusiveness, cover diverse areas of international rule of law, and provide a new picture of the interaction between a political party and international rule of law. At the same time, we should pay attention to the historical rules and experience of the international rule of law of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs, making full use of the gradual development of the international rule of law, addressing China’s inadequate involvement in the formulation of international rules of ocean governance, and exploring and innovating the concept of the maritime community with a shared future. Moreover, the logic of international rule of law of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs lies in the fact that it has nurtured a new form of “state practice”: the propositions and statements of a ruling party constitute the“state practice” in the sense of international law under certain circumstances. In addition, the evolution of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs help develop and fill the gap in the traditional theory on the relationship between domestic law and international law. This not only bridges the gap between the political party and the government (legislation) in the maritime governance mechanism, but also relieves the judicial pressure for China not incorporating “International Treaties into the Constitution”.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 15-16 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 728KB] ( 340 )

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	32	Language, Meaning and Conceptualization
		WEN Xu
		Language is used to express meaning, and meaning is the core of linguistic research. In cognitive linguistics, meaning is conceptualization in which bodily experiences play an important role. But what is conceptualization? How about its properties? And what is involved in the study of conceptualization? As to such questions, cognitive linguistics has not given systemic answers. Conceptualization is the cognitive process and neural activity of meaning construction. In a broad sense, conceptualization focuses on the conceptual representation of the whole human behavior system, including verbal behavior; while in a narrow sense, conceptualization focuses on conceptual systems related to verbal behavior. Conceptualization has the characteristics of noninsularity, dynamicity, interactivity, imagisticity, imaginativeness, subjectivity, and embodiment. The core issue of cognitive linguistics is semantics, and “meaning is conceptualization”. Therefore, the research content of conceptualization basically covers all aspects of cognitive linguistics. The research on conceptualization is mainly carried out from the two dimensions: cognitive psychology and social cognition theory. The former focuses on psychological experiences and the processing activities that constitute psychological experiences, while the latter focuses on the universality and variability of conceptualization in different social and culture backgrounds. Through sorting out the essence, characteristics and main research content of conceptualization, we can have a clearer idea of conceptualization and the meaning of cognitive linguistics.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 32-39 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 441KB] ( 332 )

	40	Critical Cognitive Linguistics and Social Recontextualization
		ZHANG Hui
		This paper first of all points out that during the last forty years, recontextualization is a main underlying trend and characteristics of Cognitive Linguistics. However, traditional Critical Discourse Analysis also emphasizes and implements recontextualization while analyzing the data. Cognitive Linguistics’attention to social context is mainly manifested in four levels: (1) the definition and basic structure of language include cognition in a social and cultural environment; (2) research on the variability between language and culture, to explore the role of cultural models in language variability; (3) not focus on the variation between languages, but examination of the variation within a language. Critical Cognitive Linguistics appear at this level and tend to take an evaluation standpoint, not just description; (4) focus on analyzing actual dialogue and communication from the perspective of social interaction. The recontextualization of critical discourse research is embodied in the analysis of social actors, forming a three-step model of social actor analysis: identifying social actors; speculating on the ideology behind the discourse; recognizing the possible intentions of the communicator. Based on the two points mentioned above, the paper proposes the notion of “social recontextualization” in Critical Cognitive Linguistics, exploring its feasibility and suggesting that it is consistent with the third wave of cognitive science, that is, amalgamated mind that coalesces the brain, the body and the environment. In the end the paper stresses that psychological experiments can be one form of social recontextualization.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 40-48 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 471KB] ( 310 )

	49	The Acquisition of Chinese RVCs in Motion Event Expressions
		JI Ying-lin
		This study investigates how English-Chinese second language learners of different proficiencies (i.e. advance, intermediate, low), as compared to native speakers of Chinese, acquire the Resultative Verb Compound (RVC) in a specific context of motion event expressions. The investigation focuses on three aspects: a. if, and how, they acquire the internal structure of RVCs (i.e. components and their sequencing), b. if, and how, they acquire the typical way semantic ingredients are projected onto grammatical categories (i.e. lexicalization patterns), c. if, and how, they acquire the syntactic construction where an RVC typically occurs (i.e. simplex clause). Our results show that the advanced L2 learners behaved like native speakers of Chinese. They generally got rid of the feature of “verb polarization” in their source language and produced RVCs at a high frequency. Meanwhile, they were able to encode motion components in standard grammatical devices and in typical syntactic constructions, thus presenting a relatively tight pattern of information distribution, as required in the target language. In stark contrast, second language learners of low and intermediate proficiencies failed to mater the lexicalization pattern of motion expressions in Chinese despite that they seemed to have acquired the internal structure of RVCs. Generally speaking, our results reveal that second language learning concerns more about the switch and reintegration of relevant concepts than about the mastery of grammatical knowledge. Varied factors exert an important impact on the progress and outcome of second language learning such as the typological distance between the source and the target language, the degree of complexity of grammatical concepts (lexicon vs. syntax) and language-specific features.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 49-59 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 734KB] ( 254 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	60	New Patterns and Trends of Digital Cultural Industry
		ZHANG Wei, WU Jing-qi
		Digital cultural industry is a new pattern of cultural industry as the result of continuous innovation and development since human beings entered the digital era. Digital cultural industry refers to the emerging industry of cultural creation, production, communication and service focused on cultural creativity and supported by digital technology. It grows more networked, digitalized, smart and integrated, characterized with digitized production, networked dissemination, and personalized consumption. With the development of digital network technology and the promotion of national policies, many new patterns have emerged in digital cultural industry, such as digital media industry, digital e-sports industry, animation and related derivatives industry, digital marketing industry, network literature industry, virtual reality industry, digital education industry and all that. On the one hand, new patterns of digital cultural industry promote the digitization of cultural industry, namely, the integration of traditional cultural industry and digital technology as the application of digital technology has resulted in an increase in cultural products and an improvement of production efficiency. On the other hand, they incorporate more cultural elements in digital industry, namely, many tech-giants in digital industry engage in cultural industry. These Internet giants invest in digital cultural industry. In the future, the digital cultural industry will show the following trends: digital cultural industry will be a growing trend for cultural industry; BAT Internet giants will invest in digital cultural industry; competition in the short video market will become increasingly fierce; “eyeball economy” will give way to “ear economy”; user sinking will be a new trend in the development of digital cultural industry; digital marketing industry will be a popular industry; digital cultural tourism industry will develop at a fast rate; there will be strong consumer demand for digital cultural industry.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 60-68 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 550KB] ( 995 )

	69	2021 Annual Academic Report on China’s Cultural Industry
		ZHOU Jian-xin, ZHU Zheng
		2021 marks the centennial of the founding of the CPC and the beginning of the 14th five-year plan. In this context, academic research on cultural industry in 2021 has its own characteristics. The development of cultural industry in the 14th five-year plan is a hot topic. There are a lot of researches about the impact of COVID-19 on cultural industry. Much attention is given to the digital development of cultural industry. Rural cultural industry attracts tremendous attention. The coordinated development of cultural industry is still the focus of attention. There is an increase in research on cultural industry governance. It is a growing trend that academic conferences are held both online and offline. Academic journals, especially core journals, pay ever-increasing attention to cultural industry. In 2021, there are about 220 works and blue books on China’s cultural industry published, and 2588 papers in academic journals. Academics show considerable interests the issues such as the development trend of cultural industry, high-quality development of cultural industry, digital cultural industry, rural cultural industry, integration of culture and tourism, agglomeration of cultural industries in certain areas, new forms of cultural industries and cultural industry governance during the 14th five-year plan period. The basic theory of cultural industry, the digitization of cultural industry, cultural enterprises and parks, cultural industry policies and regional cultural industry are the major topics of the cultural industry research in 2021. Among them, the digitization of cultural industry is a major concern for scholars, and the meta universe triggers much heated discussion. The annual reports on the cultural industry are mostly in the form of blue books, and their content are more formal. Academic conferences focus on the hot topics of cultural industry. Academic journals pay more attention to the findings of researches on cultural industry, and introduce more columns to this topic. For the development of cultural industry, experts and scholars need to attach more importance to the basic theory of cultural industry, the digital transformation and upgrading of cultural industry, the integration of cultural industry and related industries, the development of cultural enterprises, and the high-quality development of cultural industry.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 69-83 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 637KB] ( 639 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	84	Embracing the Metaverse: Mechanism and Logic of a New Digital Economy
		Vivian Yuan Yuan, YANG Yong-zhong
		The Metaverse refers to virtual world and survival vision in which human beings will be more deeply engaged. It is initiated in game platforms and based on the innovation and circulation of digital currency and dependent on the development of digital technology and devices. The Metaverse craze hit China in 2021 for various reasons, such as the systematic change of the Internet protocol due to the development of block chain technology, more involvement in virtual life due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the aggravated crisis of old global narrative, and new patterns emerging in digital economy following PC digital economy and mobile digital economy. The Metaverse economy is a new digital economy different from the previous digital economies due to the emergence of digital currency along with the development of digital legal currency, and a series of new production and business models around digital assets. What underlies this new digital economy is the fact that digital currency is no longer controversial cryptocurrency and that several central banks have agreed to issue digital legal currency. The new digital assets in the form of NFT or NFR backed by the distributed ledger technology will bring a variety of reforms in business models and big upheavals in production, circulation, and consumption patterns. The interaction between digital and physical assets will create new economies. In the Metaverse economy where recognition determines value, in terms of technology it is possible to capitalize on the values such as cultural value, historical value and aesthetic value. This will give rise to more diverse economies and expand global economy.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 84-94 [Abstract] ( 57 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 623KB] ( 1554 )

	95	Research on the Mechanism and Path of Smart Cities Construction to Promote the High-quality Development of Enterprises
		LIU Wei-li, LIU Hong-nan
		As an important measure of socialist modernization, the construction of smart city can stimulate domestic demand and development momentum, and promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the real economy. Based on the panel data of A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2019, this paper takes smart city construction as a quasi-natural experiment, and uses the PSM-DID method to comprehensively investigate the influence and internal mechanism of smart city construction on the high-quality development of enterprises. The research shows that smart city construction significantly promotes the high-quality development of enterprises. The estimation from the researches bears out the conclusion when we use alternative variables, conduct placebo tests, and change matching methods. The influence mechanism test shows that smart city construction promotes the high-quality development of enterprises by slowing down the financing constraints and bringing down the operation costs of enterprises. Further heterogeneity test shows that the impact of smart city construction on enterprises varies due to difference in the scale, industry relevance and location of enterprises. The impact of smart city construction on the high-quality development of enterprises is more obvious in large enterprises and enterprises with high industry relevance. Moreover, the smart city construction has significantly promoted the high-quality development of enterprises in the eastern and central regions, but has negative impact on the enterprises in the western regions.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 95-106 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 620KB] ( 573 )

	107	Not Independent from National Sovereignty:The Influence and Reconstruction of Multinational Corporations on the International Political and Economic Order
		HUANG He, ZHOU Xiao
		The world today is experiencing profound changes in the international political and economic order. Multinational corporations, influential players in international trade and investment, play an important role in the reform and reconstruction of the international political and economic order. Especially the influence of non-traditional multinational corporations like high-tech companies and the Internet industry cannot be underestimated. Multinational corporations are characterized with monopoly, competition and cooperation. Non-traditional multinational corporations have significant impact on international political and economic order at three levels. Specifically, non-traditional multinational corporations have increased their monopoly advantages in international political and economic order and become more competitive. At the same time, they have increased cooperation in international political and economic field. At present, with the involvement of multinational corporations, especially non-traditional transnational corporations, the international political and economic order show some signs of transformation. The world will be more multi-polarized in international political and economic field. The behavior subjects will be more diverse. The development difference will be more obvious and the competition will be more intense. But there is still room for cooperation, and sovereign states will still play important roles in international political and economic order. Although multinational corporations play dynamic roles in shaping the international political and economic order, they will be independent from national sovereignty in the foreseeable future. Only under the guidance and constraint of national sovereignty can multinational corporations more effectively and actively engage in reshaping international political and economic order, so as to better provide economic and material support for all players in the international community.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 107-120 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 634KB] ( 315 )

Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

	121	Common Prosperity and the Third Distribution from the Perspective of Marx’s View of Wealth
		LIU Rong-jun
		Marx discovered the essence of wealth and proposed that wealth has three basic attributes, namely, social attribute, individual attribute and subjective attribute. This is the strongest proposition about wealth: wealth is the historical production of the “free individuality” of “social individuals”. To understand the social sharing of wealth and common prosperity from the perspective of social individuals, we need to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, promote common prosperity through high-quality development, properly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and ensure the quality of both material and spiritual life. To understand the subjectivity freedom and the third distribution of wealth from the perspective of free individuality, we need to be aware that the third distribution is supplementary to the first and the second distribution, and that it is voluntary. On the one hand, we should properly handle the relationship between the third distribution and the first and the second distribution, and make it clear that the third distribution is only supplementary to the first and the second distribution, and that it is by no means the mainstream distribution to achieve common prosperity. On the other hand, we should distinguish the three different voluntary behaviors (for utilitarian purpose, for self-realization, and for no purpose) in the third distribution and its historical significance. Promoting people’s all-round development along with common prosperity is not only the essence of Marx’s view of wealth, but also the fundamental requirement of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It best interprets the historical and philosophical significance of Marx’s view of human’s free and comprehensive development from the understanding of the essence of wealth, and shows us the way to understand the historical and social significance of common prosperity and the third distribution.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 121-132 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 555KB] ( 202 )

	133	“Concentric Circles” of Opinion Leaders in Social Networks: Phenomenon, Structure and Law
		XU Xiang
		The opinion leaders in social networks are not polycentric or diversified, but have created a convergent structure of “concentric circles”. Taking the influence of the opinion leaders as an independent variable, we find that with their increasing influence the opinion leaders create a convergent structure of “concentric circles” with one center, three convergence supports and gradual convergent circles. The opinion leaders are “social models” in the center of the convergent structure. Their influence is positively related to how much they are convergent with the “social models” in the center. In this process, concentric circles are formed around the center. The closer to the center, the denser the circles, and vice versa. Taking Sina Weibo, one of the typical social networks, as a sample, we tested our hypotheses. The research bears out our conception of the “concentric circles”. First, the influence of the opinion leader is positively correlated with his distance from the “social model” in the center, and thus the opinion leader is ready to get closer to the network center. Second, in the process of users converging to the central social model, there is a positive correlation and isomorphism between the influence of the opinion leader and influence of the “social model”. Third, the extent to which a network user is taken as a social model is positively related to how much his opinion is similar to the social model in the center, showing that the “social model” is located only in the center, and that it is homogeneous rather than diverse. Fourth, with their opinion leader moving to a higher level, the users get more convergent within their hierarchy, and thus the user influence gets more coherent and narrower. The convergence and the “concentric circles” of the opinion leader users show that the decentralized network era is re-centralized, and a “one-dimensional” society is coming into being in the “Balkanization” era of network.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 133-148 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 984KB] ( 326 )

	149	German Intellectuals’ Perception of China in the 20th Century
		WEN Xin
		German intellectuals’ perception of China is an important source of thought that influences the formation and evolution of German’s general view of China. Different from the negative and derogatory view of China of the West in the 19th century, German intellectuals’ extensive and in-depth understanding of China in the 20th century reflects the development of globalization and the influence of modernity in the 20th century. The study of Sino-German cross-cultural philosophy and the global history reveals that in the 20th century due to historical context, social changes, and difference in cognitive subjects German intellectuals shifted from viewing China as a traditional eastern utopia to seeing China as a modern country modelled on Europe in social economy and universally recognized by international community. Their position on China also changed from Eurocentric to rational and universal. It is obvious that German intellectuals’ perception of China in the 20th century was modernized and reflective of the historical changes of human civilization. It particularly reflects the German intellectuals’ pursuit of a global and holistic perspective and the “rational agreement” between China and Germany. The review of the German intellectuals’ perception of China bears out China’s involvement and interaction in the development of German thought history, and it can provide theoretical and historical reference for the construction of China’s image and the mutual respect between China and other countries in the era of globalization.
		2022 Vol. 39 (1): 149-159 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 590KB] ( 158 )

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