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	2021 Vol.38 Issue.3 Published 2021-05-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit Political Science and Rule of Law

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	5	Health：from the Perspective of Somaesthetics
		GUO Yong-jian
		In the first place, health is a concept in medical science and sports science, but as a value word, it can be categorized into somaesthetics. “Heath” in somaesthetics is different from “fitness” in sports aesthetics as fitness is only the state of being physically healthy and strong while health applies to all aesthetic objects including art. The concept of health has been widely used in literary criticism (such as by Goethe, Dana and Liang Shiqiu), but has not been elevated to aesthetic level. Nietzsche initially proposed health as an aesthetic concept, which made him a pioneer in somaesthetics. However, Nietzsche defined health with “power”, which means that the subject dominates the object and obviously fails to reveal the essence of health. Nietzsche's philosophy is still shackled by subjective metaphysics, which is the root cause of decline and morbidity. Phenomenology transcends subjective metaphysics rising above the opposition between subject and object,and the opposition between internal world and external world. On the basis of phenomenology, “health” as an aesthetic concept possibly came into being.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 5-7 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 258 )

	12	Spiritual Essence and Value of Beauty
		CAI Yi
		Among many elements of literary value, beauty is essential and basic as beauty is not only the most important attribute and essence of all literary and artistic works, but also the foundation of their content and form. Beauty is the spiritual core, value and interest of all literary and artistic works, and the distillation and pursuit of literary value. Beauty not only points to freedom, liberation, good deeds and virtues, but also points to our heart, spirit and soul, and it also points to a noble and beautiful ideal world. Beauty shows the spirit of freedom and elevates the value, taste and spiritual connotation of literary works by all means. The essence of beauty is embodied in three aspects—beautiful form, beautiful feeling, and beautiful meaning. Beautiful form of a man or anything brings us tremendous pleasure and ultimate everlasting beauty. Beautiful feeling refines and sublimates our emotion, mood and thought in daily life, and converts them into regenerative emotions full of aesthetic meaning, form and value. Beautiful meaning is the core dominating, leading, and deciding beautiful feelings. If the major function of beautiful form is to please eyes, then the major function of beautiful feeling is to elevate mind, and beautiful meaning is the supreme commander of our body and emotion, the fundamental value of all literary and artistic works, and the ultimate basis for guiding all literary and artistic activities.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 12-18 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 557KB] ( 193 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	19	Satisfaction Degree of Higher Education Quality: Differences and Interpretation
		LI Zi-lian
		It is important and essential to the improvement of higher education to explore and rectify the problems in education from the perspective of learners' satisfaction. Based on the survey data from the Internet, this paper analyzes the structural differences and causes of the satisfaction degree of higher education quality from learners' internal ascribed factors and external environmental factors. The findings are as follows: First, learners generally have low satisfaction with the quality of higher education, and they are more satisfied with the higher education they have experienced than the overall quality of higher education. Second, there is not a strong correlation between the satisfaction degree of higher education quality and learners' gender, family, college types and location, but different grades show cognitive differences. Satisfaction declines in the first three years, while slightly increases in the last year. Third, learners' dissatisfaction with higher education are mostly attributed to their perception of impractical, disordered and tedious curriculum, but they have a higher preference for their school and teachers. Therefore, to improve the quality of higher education, it is important to update and rectify our idea of higher education and keep up with the times, constantly improve the theoretical system of curriculum and teaching materials, and make higher education better meet social demands.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 19-28 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 685KB] ( 242 )

	29	Study of Activists: Development Process, Theoretical Genealogy and Research Strategies
		TANG Juan
		The activists refer to the key minority among common folks who are willing to actively engage in collective activities for the common good or public interest. Since the mid-20th century, the activists in China's revolution and construction process has gradually become a topic for academic research. Foreign scholars have studied them from the perspectives of politics, sociology and political economy, but they have not made it an independent topic. Domestic scholars have gone through four stages and adopted three modes in terms of research strategies and narrative devices: symbol-definition, behavior-process and historical textual research. The literature from the 1950s to the early 1980s was characterized by strong political propaganda, which conveyed the political orientation of the ideological planning and social spirit of the time to the activists. Since the mid-1980s, right-oriented activists and autonomy-oriented activists have been regarded as a structural fact and political phenomenon that cannot afford to be ignored in grass-roots communities in the process of reform. At the same time, the role of activists in previous revolutionary movements becomes a research topic of historical politics. On the whole, the research process of activists gets increasingly diverse in disciplinary background, localized in stance, and empirical in methodology. The comprehensive research on the existing theoretical issues and relevant knowledge of activists, on one hand, responds to and refines the mass line theory and social mobilization theory, on the other hand, shows “Chinese characteristics” of the changes in grass-roots politics and social governance in the past century.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 29-37 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 543KB] ( 202 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	38	Social Network Embedding, Mutual Benefit of Trust and Innovation Performance of Cultural Cluster Enterprises: a Dynamic Analysis Based on the Enterprise Life Cycle
		JIANG Zhao-jun, WU Zhi-bin
		Social structure capital and social relationship capital have important impact on the innovation performance of cultural cluster enterprises. Based on the theory of enterprise life cycle and the microscopic survey of 714 cultural cluster enterprises in China, this paper empirically tests the impact of the connection intensity and the scale of social network, and the mutual benefit of trust on the innovation performance of cultural cluster enterprises in their initial, growing and mature stages. The findings are as follows: (1) Mutually beneficial trust between cultural cluster enterprises and their partners significantly improves their innovation performance. This is the case with all the samples in our research and cultural cluster enterprises in their initial, growing and mature stages. (2) A strong social network can significantly improve the innovation performance of all the enterprises in our research and the cultural cluster enterprises at growing stage, and particularly promote the innovation of cultural cluster enterprises at growing stage. (3) A wide social network of cultural cluster enterprises has significant positive impact on the innovation performance of all the enterprises in our research, and the cultural cluster enterprises in their initial stage and mature stage, but has tremendous negative impact on the innovation performance of cultural cluster enterprises in the growing stage. For the cultural enterprises, it is necessary to adjust the intensity of embedded social network dynamically according to their life cycle stage, in order to accelerate the realization of their phased innovation goals. For the functional departments of cultural industrial parks, it is necessary to pay attention to creating an honest and mutually beneficial industrial cluster environment, effectively give play to the institutional advantages, in order to promote the coordinated development between upgrading of cultural industrial parks and innovation of cultural enterprises.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 38-47 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 478KB] ( 211 )

	48	Cultural Ecological Protection through Integration of Humanistic Culture into Industrial and Urban Development: Theoretical Evolution, Practical Exploration and Mechanism Construction
		ZHOU Jie
		The study of cultural ecology has experienced multiple perspectives and theoretical evolution from systems theory to geography and then to anthropology. Its application in the protection of global cultural heritage is mostly reflected in three ways: ecological museums, intangible cultural heritage communities and cultural ecological protection areas. Although it is difficult to implement the conception of ecological museums, to define intangible cultural communities, and to coordinate resources in cultural ecological protection areas, the overall conception of cultural ecological protection is widely recognized. To construct a cultural ecological protection system in the new era, we need to integrate humanistic culture into industrial and urban development. On the one hand, we should clarify the endogenous logic of cultural ecology, and have a new understanding of the spatial relationship pointing to the geographical boundary, the historical relationship pointing to the time axis, the cultural relationship pointing to the heterogeneous civilization and the social relationship pointing to individuals, so as to make the four sub-ecological circles of nature, life, society and industry in a dynamic balance, and promote the multi-dimensional interaction of cultural ecological protection in an integral thinking mode. On the other hand, we should build a coordination mechanism across administrative divisions from a global perspective. We should emphasize system construction and resource integration at macro-level, build four conservation systems at meso-level, and attach importance to the protection of living heritages among common folks at micro-level, so as to make joint efforts to promote the inheritance and revival of traditional cultural resources in contemporary cultural ecological environment.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 48-56 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 551KB] ( 283 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	57	Technology Basis, Value Essence and Value Composition of Digital Economy
		HE Yu-chang, LIU Quan-lin
		Digital economy refers to the value creation activities or economic forms in which laborers employ digital technology, innovate digital industry and integrate various industries of national economy to create digital products and other products. The integration of digital technology into productivity factors such as laborers, means of labor and objects of labor upgrade productivity factors and effectively use them in the labor process, bringing about tremendous improvement of social productivity. The value basis of digital economy is labor, which is based on the fact that the value of digital economy comes from labor, the labor of digital economy is digital labor, and digital labor and products also have digital characteristics. The value composition of digital economy is reflected in two aspects: one is the value of products and services created by the industries of digital economy, including digital manufacturing, digital facilities and equipment, software design and the rest, the other is that the application of digital technology in various industries of national economy gives rise to digital agriculture, digital industry and digital service industry. The product value created by these industries includes the contribution of digital economy. The value growth of digital economy will give a strong boost to the high-quality development of national economy.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 57-66 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 624KB] ( 451 )

	67	Artificial Intelligence Deeply Involved in Consumer Finance: Causes, Risks and Prevention
		CHENG Xue-jun
		Despite its rapid development in recent years, consumer finance is confronted with some problems such as high marketing and customer acquisition cost, difficulty in the acquisition of consumption scenarios, and poor risk management. With the in-depth development of artificial intelligence technology, AI technology displays obvious advantages in consumer finance, and is increasingly widely used in intelligent identification, marketing, risk control, customer service, collection and so on. However, the application of artificial intelligence in consumer finance has encountered many risks. Machine learning algorithms result in “black box” and “discrimination” in consumer finance applications. The inevitable “homogenization” of big data results in high data risk. Artificial intelligence may infringe on the privacy and rights of financial consumers. There is a serious shortage of professionals who are proficient in both artificial intelligence and consumer finance. Artificial intelligence presents great challenges to the law and supervision of consumer finance. In this case, in the development of AI-enabled consumer finance, we need to accord priority to researches on the basic disciplines of AI to prevent black box and discrimination at the source. We need to build a data sharing platform based on credit information system to cement the data base of artificial intelligence. We need to put more efforts into the protection of financial consumers' rights and interests, and guard against the technical risks of artificial intelligence applications. We need to attach importance to the comprehensive development of “governments, users, enterprises, universities, and research institutes”, and cultivate inter-disciplinary talents proficient in both artificial intelligence and consumer finance. We need to strengthen supervision over AI-enabled consumer finance, and simultaneously promote “AI governance” and “legal governance”.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 67-76 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 733KB] ( 990 )

Political Science and Rule of Law

	77	“Key Minority”: Implication, Risks and Governance
		PENG Qian-sheng
		The “key minority” is essential for the central authority to permeate into grassroots communities. Strengthening leadership over the “key minority” has become an important strategy for the Communist Party of China to govern the country in the new era. In representative democracy, the “key minority” are political elites who hold public power and take public responsibility. According to principal-agent theory, the “key minority” as political agents must act on behalf of the political principal (the people) in the execution of public power. However, in the principal-agent relationship in political life, political agents as the “key minority” have information advantages, and thus may act against public will for their own interests in the execution of public power. First, the “key minority”, under the influence of the thoughts such as the “official-oriented consciousness”, are rigid and dogmatic, resulting in infinite diminishing of discretion and sloth administration. Second, the “key minority” as administrators and organizers are conceited and seriously divorced from the people. Third, the “key minority” are corrupt abusing their power to maximize their economic interest. To exercise more supervision and leadership over the “key minority” and prevent political risks, firstly we should realize effective supervision over the “key minority”. Secondly, we should realize effective communication and interaction between the “key minority” and the public. Thirdly, we should realize effective control over the “key minority”.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 77-85 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 540KB] ( 220 )

	86	Penalties in Social Self-Governance, Corresponding Institutional Response and Regulation
		JIANG Du-du
		Social self-governance is an important part of national governance system. In practice, social self-governance institutions often give penalties equivalent to administrative punishments to maintain order, but sometimes violate the basic rights of citizens. The administrative law should pay regard to this phenomenon. Social self-governance institutions introducing and giving penalties with attributes of administrative punishments is democratically legitimate and necessary for the inherent logic and administration of self-governance. However, the legitimacy of these penalties are questioned as they conflict with the Administrative Penalty Law of China. To address the long-standing penalties in social self-governance, we need to adjust the current Administrative Punishment Law in response to the rectification regulation of social self-governance. With the modernization of national governance system and the development of new administrative law, in the revision of the Administrative Penalty Law, we should defy tradition and make institutional response, allowing for conditional introduction of “administrative penalties” by social self-governance institutions, and regulating the three aspects of penalty establishment, penalty implementation and penalty relief, so as to build a social self-governance penalty system that gives due attention to both the autonomy of self-governance and the protection of civil rights.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 86-95 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 514KB] ( 224 )

	96	Introduction of Human Right into the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage:Cause, Function and Dialogue Mechanism
		HUANG Yao, WANG Wei
		Different from other cultural conventions, the Convention on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage explicitly stipulates only intangible cultural heritages that conform to existing international human rights documents are eligible for protection. Subjectively, the introduction of human rights into the protection of intangible cultural heritage is intended to offset the negative effects of cultural diversity and promote the protection of intangible cultural heritage by means of human rights law. Objectively, it is related to the UN's efforts in promoting the full implementation of the international human rights framework in the form of treaties. In the past decade, the human right elements in the review of intangible cultural heritage list display dual functions. One is to be used as criteria to judge whether a heritage project is eligible for protection on global scale. The other is to promote the development of cultural rights, especially the right to be recognized and treated as cultural heritages. The protection of intangible cultural heritage and the protection of human rights benefit each other in interaction, and cultural rights become a powerful carrier to communicate universal human rights and diverse culture. Due to lack of explicit regulations regarding the conflicts between cultural rights and other human rights in the Convention on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the new “dialogue mechanism” in the review of intangible cultural heritage list provides institutional guarantee for resolving these conflicts. Human rights are expected to be explicitly reflected in its future implementation, so as to better promote the positive interaction between intangible cultural heritage protection and human right protection.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 96-107 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 595KB] ( 316 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	108	Changes in Government Intervention and Rural Industry Development: Based on Reconstruction of State-Farmer Relationship Perspective
		WEI Cheng-lin
		The government plays a key role in the development of rural industry. In the post-tax era, the relationship between state and farmers has changed, and local governments have also changed their intervention strategy in rural industry. They lead the development of regional industries by rebuilding the agricultural technology service system and improving the service of the Party and the government. Their experience consists in the effective introduction of technical and administrative services into rural communities, which activates the mechanism of independent development of industries in rural communities. In this process, the new agricultural technology service system comprising administrative departments, research institutes and technical elites in rural areas has successfully disseminated new agricultural technologies and new crop varieties to rural areas through demonstration. By stabilizing industrial policies, fulfilling service responsibilities and mobilizing grassroots organizations, county governments have successfully brought industrial service resources into rural communities. They establish an interactive governance mechanism with farmers in industrial service, effectively responding to farmers' needs in industrial development, and shaping a farmer-dominated modern agricultural development pattern. It not only contributes local experience to further promotion of rural revitalization strategy, but also provides important reference for the reconstruction of state-farmer relationship in the development of rural industry in the new era.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 108-119 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 677KB] ( 223 )

	120	Life-Oriented: Paradigm Shift of Anti-Poverty Social Work in the Post-Poverty Era
		LIU Zhen, XU Li-juan
		Although China has shaken off absolute poverty and entered the post-poverty era, but it does not mean that China's anti-poverty campaign is at an end, and relative poverty is now the focus of China's poverty control. Relative poverty in the post-poverty era is not necessarily reflected in absolute income, but is relative, multidimensional and risky. It not only reflects our pursuit of fairness and justice, but also people's ever growing expectation and demand. This requires the anti-poverty practice in the post-poverty era to be life-oriented. Social work provides multi-dimensional space to settle the problem of imbalanced and inadequate development, and also responds to people's aspiration for a better life, fulfilling multiple functions of interest coordination, multi-faceted synthesis and social security mechanism, so it is necessary and possible for it to intervene in poverty alleviation in the post-poverty era. In the anti-poverty social work in the post-poverty era, we need to broaden our vision and include “life” in social work. Besides, we need to change our idea of social work and pay attention to the life of the poor who need help. Moreover, we need to make changes in methods and reshape the relationship between technological rationality and cultural value. In short, the anti-poverty social work in post-poverty era should be life-oriented.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 120-127 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 508KB] ( 168 )

	128	The Difficulties and Optimization Path of Rural Grassroots Governance: A Perspective of Governance Resources Operation
		WANG Wen-bin
		Comprehensively optimizing the rural grassroots governance is an important measure to implement the rural revitalization strategy. It can not only strengthen the governance ability to lead rural revitalization, but also reshape the environmental ecology of rural construction and development. By observing rural grassroots governance from the perspective of governance resource operation, a brand-new analysis framework can be constructed: the collection, allocation, flow and generation of governance resources constitute the entire “picture scroll” of rural grassroots governance. However, field investigation shows that the current overall shortage of rural governance resources has become the primary problem affecting the operation of grassroots governance, and hinders the orderly progress of rural grassroots governance from the source. Not only is the outflow of resources eroding the cornerstone of grassroots governance, and the weakening of the main body prevents the implementation of grassroots governance, but also the slow flow of governance resources reduces the vitality of grassroots governance and resource faults hinder grassroots governance innovation. Therefore, we should take enriching governance resources and improving the efficiency of resource flow as the core path to optimize the grass-roots governance. We should not only make overall layout and scientific allocation of rural governance resources, actively cultivate sufficient rural governance subjects, but also accurately promote the flow of governance resources, and constantly gather and innovate rural governance resources.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 128-135 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 535KB] ( 193 )

Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

	136	The Dual Structure of Embodied-Cultural Effects on Metaphorical Cognition
		SUN Yi, WANG Yuan
		For thousands of years, human body has been regarded as a medium for understanding and experiencing the external world. This process of “understanding” the world has been endowed with profound metaphorical meaning. Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device, but also a basic way of human cognition and thinking. Although metaphorical cognition has a physical or psychological basis, it is inevitably affected by the cultural model. Culture and body are both important factors affecting human language. Metaphor not only reveals the universality of human physiological basis and physical experience, but also reflects the individuality of different nationalities and cultures. Basic metaphors are often based on body experience, while complex metaphors, combining basic metaphors with culture, tend to be culturally specific. By sorting out the embodiment and cultural nature of metaphorical cognition, this paper discussed the relationship among embodiment, culture and metaphor, as well as the filtering effect (filtration) of metaphorical cognition's cultural nature on its embodiment, so as to provide a new research perspective for exploring metaphorical cognition.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 136-143 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 495KB] ( 262 )

	144	Formation Mechanism and Basic Characteristics of Digital Capitalism
		LI Yan, HAN Zhi-we
		Digital capitalism is a general term for capitalism dominated by digital media. In term of internal formation mechanism, it is the reconstruction process of contemporary capitalism with the advent of the Internet and information technology. It can be comprehended from “digital capital accumulation”, “digital labor and creation” and “digital exploitation of surplus value ”. The revolution, popularization and further development of the Internet and information technology respectively paves the way for the accumulation of digital capital, massive digital production and the creation of digital surplus value. Compared with conventional industrial capitalism and financial capitalism, digital capitalism is characterized by “the prevalence of digital Taylorism” and “production-oriented life”. The former can be seen from the use of the same tools, extremely simplified operation, and automatic regulation, while the latter can be seen from industrialized living space and colonized time for life. Despite all the changes in its form, digital capitalism is still capitalism in essence, and it is exploitative and coercive as it is subject to capital logic. Criticizing digital capitalism is not to deny the productivity progress brought by digitalization, but to show the possible liberation from the alienation of digital labor.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 144-151 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 530KB] ( 336 )

	152	Inscription Writing and the Stylistic Consciousness of Neo-Confucianists in Song Dynasty
		CHEN Ying, MA Zi-li
		Neo-Confucianists were among the major creators of inscriptions in the Song Dynasty, and inscriptions can be taken as a common literary style for them. In term of meaning, the inscriptions of Neo-Confucianists gradually shifted to daily life, becoming a written record of their life and memories. They are a mirror of the spiritual life and choice of value of the Neo-Confucianists in the Song Dynasty. In term of function, it is a conscious choice of the Neo-Confucianists in the Song Dynasty to employ inscriptions to “Ming Dao (illustrate ideas)”. With a free choice of genres, Neo-Confucianist in Song Dynasty tended to use inscriptions to illustrate and exchange ideas and values, and pass them to later scholars. The reason is that the “ti yong (substance and function)” of inscriptions are consistent with the idea of writing. On one hand, the moral attributes of “zheng ming (rectifying social problems with idealized political and social structure) shen de (moral review) ” of the inscriptions imply the idea of “unity of dao (the way) and qi (things)”, which is consistent with the morality-oriented idea and structure of writing. On the other hand, inscriptions play an important role in passing down the stories and core values of the wrtiers to future generations. This function was developed by Neo-Confucianists into an educational tool of “transmitting knowledge”.
		2021 Vol. 38 (3): 152-160 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 696KB] ( 429 )

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