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	2018 Vol.35 Issue.3 Published 2018-05-20

	Creative Economy and Cultural Industry Dialogue among Civilizations and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Humanities and Chinese Spirit Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance International Politics and Society Ruled by Law Higher Education and Intelligent Media Communication

Dialogue among Civilizations and Cultural Comparison

	5	Regulating and Guiding Folk Beliefs from Rural Social Governance Perspective
		ZHENG Qiu-feng
		With the development of market economy, public life is shrinking in rural China, its reconstruction is therefore particularly necessary, and folk beliefs provide another option for this reconstruction. Folk beliefs are not only an important organizational form of social contact and communication，but also they contain group cooperation， dedication，and the ethical values of justice，friendliness and harmony. These social values, ethical values and socialist core values have a coincidence. Excavating and promoting positive values is one of the effective ways to nurture and practice socialist core values. However, there are also inter-group conflicts caused by differences in beliefs and other negative influences in the folk belief activities in violent social changes, which may pose a potential threat to the social order. For folk beliefs, central government should play a guiding role in policy-making, and local governments at all levels should assume the function of regulation and guidance on the basis of respect and thus effectively organize public life, reconstruct good social order, and pass on good customs in rural China so as to promote rural social governance in a more orderly and scientific way.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 5-8 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 515KB] ( 592 )

	13	Regulation and Civilization: Grass-Roots Control of Rites and Customs in Early Ming Dynasty and its Effects
		KONG Wei
		In the early Ming Dynasty, ZHU Yuan-zhang took measures of reforming the old customs to educate people: changing the apparel system of Yuan Dynasty and restoring the apparel system of Tang Dynasty, starting with living materials to control arrogation abuse and breach of rules; regulating appellations to put an end to breach of manners and arrogation behaviors; regulating marriage customs to do away with the marriage customs of Yuan Dynasty; publicizing ritual systems to ensure social stability; establishing grass-root civilizing system to ensure the observation of the rituals and customs; civilizing people with rituals and customs as a precaution, guiding people to be good and creating a social atmosphere of encouragement and self-control; making efforts to educate people to change the outdated customs; setting up schools to educate people and cultivate talents; advocating Confucianism to educate the public. ZHU Yuan-zhang took the social control strategy with the combination of rites and rules, and the stick and carrot policy, creating the cultural atmosphere of doing good and eradicating evils to shun evil and praise what is good, encourage people to know their place and behave properly, and safeguard the sound operation of grassroots society. He also built “the cultural network of power” with regulations and education to make connection between “big tradition” and “small tradition”, and make sure the imperial power could infiltrate and extend to grassroots society. ZHU Yuan-zhang’s strategy of implementing the practice of ritual system with regulations enabled rituals and customs permeate to civil society in the early Ming Dynasty.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 13-23 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 646KB] ( 569 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	24	Reform Progress,Characteristics and Experience of China's Social Construction
		LI Yong-fang
		Social construction is an important part of the overall blueprint of China's socialism. Social construction has gone through three periods since the reform and opening up: One is the preliminary formation period of basic ideas (1978—2002). During this period, the Chinese government put forward a series of important arguments as to “what is socialism and how to build socialism”, and we, with economic construction as the central task to drive economic development, have made major breakthrough in the reform of education system, employment, income distribution, social security and health care system, which reflects the purpose of social construction is to serve economic development, the Chinese Communist Party continues adhering to people-oriented ideas, and social construction has met with limited success. Then is the formal establishment period of theoretical system (2002—2012). During this period, social construction is listed as one of the development goals of China's “four-in-one” project, and the ideological system of social construction was gradually established, which reflects the progressive formation of CPC's social construction theory, the rich content of social construction, and the steady well-based development process of social construction theory. Finally is the further improvement and consummation period of the theoretical system (from 2012 till now). During this period, the main task has been manifested in the two aspects of ensuring and improving people's livelihood and building a shared social governance pattern, which highlights the leading role of the party strict with its members in social construction, reflects the overall planning of the social construction theory system, and reveals the profound nature of social construction thought and its far-reaching significance.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 24-34 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 549KB] ( 683 )

	35	Historical Evolution, Characteristics and Trend of Class Catchwords since Reform and Opening up
		JIA Yan-feng
		In different periods since the reform and opening up, a series of class catchwords such as “tu hao (vulgar tycoon)”, “diao si (loser)”, “fu er dai (the offspring of wealthy families)”, “qiong er dai (the offspring of poor families.)”, “fang shu (a man owning multiple homes)”, “fang nu (mortgage slave)”, “gao fu shuai (tall, rich and handsome)”, “ai cuo qiong (short, ugly, poor)”, “hao zhai (mansion)” and “wo ju (humble abode)” appear in everyday expressions or social memory and have many supporters. These words have become remarkable language facts and social reality. The seemingly chaotic language carries specific class-conscious values and is a mirror of reality. Class catchwords are hierarchical, comparative, avant-garde, vulgar, and insightful. They follow double logic of interaction with mainstream discourse: they resist each other, but show positive interaction at the same time, and thus they show different tendency in development. Part of them become outdated, forgotten and ultimately gone forever while others successfully attract and shape mainstream discourse, and attitude of mainstream media toward this subculture landscape has thus changed from complete rejection to selective absorption and incorporation.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 35-42 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 620KB] ( 446 )

Creative Economy and Cultural Industry

	43	The Problems and Paths of “Go Out” in Cultural Industries between China and Australia in Digital Creative Era
		Michael Keane
		Although Australia and China have very different political, economic systems and cultural traditions, Chinese culture is seeking ways to go global while Australia is becoming increasingly Asian. After entering digital era, the two countries have extensive interaction in cultural industries such as cultural innovation (mostly in film and TV industry) and technology (mostly in digital startups). In cultural innovation, China and Australia have creative output and interaction in films and on television. With traditional media and cultural forms turning into digital service, the two countries can use social media analysis to assess the relative success and failure of media investment. In the field of digital technology, the Australian government and entrepreneurs realize Chinese government supports the digital revolution happening in China and embraces the innovation of science and technology. More and more digital start-ups in Australia begin turning to Chinese market for development. The integration of culture and technology provides more opportunities for Chinese culture to go global, while in Australia, people get in touch with Chinese culture through online platforms, and Chinese in Australia have played an important role as a bridge between the two cultures.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 43-50 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 553KB] ( 707 )

	51	Development of Hakka Cultural Creative Industry: Taiwan Experience and Mainland Practice
		XIAO Yu-qin
		With the rapid development of cultural creative industry, the development Hakka culture is booming all across the world, especially the Hakka cultural creative industry in Taiwan. “Taiwan Hakka community” is taking the lead in global Hakka cultural creative industry as a result of a series of measures taken by Taiwan Hakka Committee such as multi-agent collaborative governance, exploring Hakka culture to cultivate Hakka cultural creative industries, integrating marketing strategies to build brands for Hakka cultural creative industries, and activating Hakka resources with focus on creativity. Hakka cultural creative industry on Chinese mainland has rich resource, but lags behind Taiwan in its development, and are plagued by problems such as repeated projects, ambiguous orientation, cutthroat competition, shortsighted development, inadequate creativity, and talent shortage. Chinese mainland should draw on the experience of Taiwan, introduce PPP Hakka investment mode, develop symbiosis on the basis of resource segmentation, build brands with unique characteristics to achieve interactive development, focus on brand positioning to make investment and planning in Hakka cultural creative industry, and cooperate to build a strong brand of Hakka cultural creative industry on Chinese mainland.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 51-59 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 672KB] ( 852 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	60	Harm of Expansion of Intermediate Utility, and Lessons from 2008 Financial Crisis
		QIAN Jin
		As the basic category of economics, utility category is not purely subjective psychological satisfaction of consumers, but objective generalization of the usefulness of goods and services. In the total utility of modern society, it is necessary to clearly distinguish end utility from intermediate utility. In regard to intermediate utility, we should not seek to maximize it, but only to pursue it in moderation. In modern market economy, people's pursuit for capital gains includes not only maximization of end utility, but also expansion of intermediate utility, particularly the expansion of intermediate utility in virtual economy, namely virtual utility. The effect of the expansion of intermediate utility is extremely serious. It is the vast expansion of virtual utility in global capital market that led to the outbreak of the financial crisis sweeping through the world in 2008. Learning lessons from this crisis, we need to explicitly put forward the theory that intermediate utility should be moderately maintained in the basic study of modern economics.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 60-70 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 536 )

	71	Financial Cooperation in East Asia from the Perspective of New Regionalism: Problems and Chinese Solution
		WANG Hong-yu
		Financial cooperation in East Asia has been successful in system construction, but has not achieved substantial progress. The financial cooperation in East Asia at early stage was obviously enclosed, the “Chiang Mai initiative” was not inclusive, and there was no“regional identity”in its multilateral mechanism. There was a wide gap between the reality of East Asia financial cooperation and the features emphasized by the new regionalism such as openness, inclusiveness, and regional identity based on respect for national autonomy. This gap is the root cause for the slow progress in East Asia financial cooperation. At the system formation stage, East Asia financial cooperation lacked powerful actors. At the system development stage, it was subject to the principles of ASEAN and low institutionalization requirements, and thus was not able to form a truly effective cooperative mechanism. At the system maintenance stage, there were no regionally recognized cultural ties. To strengthen its strategic deployment in East Asia financial cooperation, China needs to strengthen national marketing, build regional consensus in East Asia, cultivate comparative and long-term advantages, well handle relations with other major powers, provide appropriate regional public goods, draw on experience in other regions, and actively explore new ways for regional financial cooperation.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 71-81 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 598KB] ( 807 )

International Politics and Society Ruled by Law

	82	Reform and Adjustment: Governance in a Global Context and Chinese Solution in the New Era
		DONG Juan
		At present, combination of knowledge and capital makes “knowledge capital” a development factor which has tremendous impact in the entire era. As a change factor in the new era, “knowledge capital” demonstrates deconstruction characteristics through cross-border cooperation, innovation and integration, and in the meantime has great influence on global economy, politics, society, values, ecology and even governance. The word “governance” is closely related to different focus of China and the West based on their background, discourse system and interests in the debate between “left” and “right” in the government reform. Therefore, in the new era, Chinese government should clearly define its role, power and responsibility, prepare plans for negative public opinions and events and take responsibility for them, address Chinese issues with Chinese values and solutions, and explore ways of governance in line with China's national conditions.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 82-89 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 539KB] ( 668 )

	90	Existence logic, Identification Difficulty and Confirmation Basis of Legislative Inaction
		DAI Shui-ping
		Legislative inaction is widespread in the legal governance of all countries. Different countries have different judicial precedents for legislative inaction and relevant theories and books are divided on this issue. Up to now, people do not agree on many aspects such as the existence and identification basis of legislative inaction. Based on the existence of legislative discretion, safeguard of vested interest by different interest groups, dilemma of collective action in legislation, the government's preference of efficiency for “ways beyond rule of law”, and inadequate legislative ability, the logic of legislative inaction is indisputable. However, its identification is indeed difficult because it is hard to define the boundary of legislative responsibility, to judge whether legislative conditions are mature, to determine legislative slack behavior and to specify its adverse consequences. Legislative departments take charge of legislation. Objectively speaking, condition of legislation is mature and they have capability of legislation. Legislative inaction denies civil rights as an indispensable basis for its identification. It can be identified through legislative evaluation and other methods in individual cases.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 90-97 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 496KB] ( 660 )

	98	Paths and Changes of the Revision of Chinese Constitution: an Investigation Oriented on Constitutional Amendment
		LI Hui-xun
		Changes in the four constitutions and the five constitutional amendments in China indicate that constitutional revision follow its own inherent laws. On the surface, constitutional revision is reflected by texts changing with time on the basis of the inherent law of constitutional development. Based on the current situation of China's political, economic, and social development, we find that China's constitutional changes follow three logical paths: The first is concept change with time as the vertical axis, which is from text declaration to instrumentalism and then to value return. The second is content change with norms as the horizontal axis, which is from plan regulation to market adjustment and then to people's livelihood. The third is governance change with rule of law as its content, which is from full control to indirect control and then to cooperation and co-governance. The three paths are interwoven and have different focus in different periods, but generally follow a clear logic. Analysis of these three paths helps precisely understand the evolution logic behind constitutional changes, especially under the guidance of the socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and provide us guidance and principles to better understand and observe constitutional implementation, amendment, and improvement.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 98-106 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 541KB] ( 520 )

	107	Dynamic Trend and Change Rule of China's Criminal Law Structure in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening up
		XU Wei
		In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, with the rapid development of market economy, contradictions in structural reform and social transformation are getting increasingly intense, which has seriously jeopardized social stability and people's safety, and resulted in a strong need to improve the criminal law structure and to supplement provisions. In response to expanding crime rings, and rising crime as well as ever-changing and escalating crime types, the amendment of the criminal law should be oriented on adjusting crime structure, and adding new crimes as well as expanding the coverage of existing crimes so as to cover new crimes, and objects and subjects of crimes. By adjusting the measurement of penalty, to implement criminal policy tempering justice with mercy, control death penalty sentences, extend life penalty terms, prevent criminals from inflicting further harm, and deter potential offenders from repeating their offences is the direction for the development of criminal law. Chinese criminal law, demand-oriented and development-based, fully embodies people-oriented concept. The structure of the criminal law is getting increasingly reasonable and crime names and penalty measurement are being improved, which points to the modernization of governance ability and system. In the future, with sharp rise in new risks and special hazards, we need to keep the bottom line of the criminal law of securing human rights for all people and precisely limiting the intervention of criminal law in social life, which will ensure sustainable development and steadily press ahead with the reform and opening up.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 107-113 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 656KB] ( 512 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	114	Dilemma and Solution for Male Participation in Family Care under Two-child Policy
		LI Gui-yan
		Since January 1, 2016, the two-child policy has been implemented all across China, which, however, has not triggered a baby boom. The two-child policy has actually been met with indifference in some areas. Studies show that economic pressure and care ability are the primary factors that prevent people from having a second child. In family care, men still follow the pattern that “men play a key role in society while women are confined to family chores”. Men's consciously internalized gender stereotype, the outdated gender-based labor division some families still cling to, coincidence between “intensive motherhood” and the preach of ideal male workers, and the unfriendly social gender mechanism in society all prevent men from participating in family care. Men find themselves in a dilemma that they feel overwhelmed with their inability to help in family care. But at the same time, both men and women awaken to some new concepts of labor division, and there also appear many “sweet guys”. Under the two-child policy, the society requires men to be better involved in family care, expects parents to share child-rearing responsibility, and look forward to the appearance of a “new type of fathers”. In addition, we need to empower men to engage in family care, and deconstruct the power alliance between expert discourse and consumer discourse. Furthermore, mass media should reshape a social and cultural environment of gender equality so as to promote the realization of cooperative family care mode.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 114-122 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 581KB] ( 436 )

	123	Does Education Gradient Make a Happier Marriage
		WANG Bing, LIU Li-ge
		As marriage squeeze is getting increasingly serious, marriage based on education gradient is becoming much of a mainstream. Is this kind of marriage happier? Based on CEPS 2010 data, we match information about married men with that of their wives to study the influence of education gradient upon women's sense of happiness and the influence mechanism. Our findings indicate education gradient can enhance people's sense of happiness in marriage, and this impact is achieved through three mechanisms such as income gap, educational outlook and social network. More specifically, with regard to income gap, the higher the education level of the husband, the higher income he gets than his wife, and the wider the income gap, the happier the wife. As for educational outlook, the high the education level of the husband, the closer the educational outlook of the husband and wife, which makes the wife happier. As for social network, the high the education level of the husband, the wider social network he presents to his wife, and the wider the social network, the happier the wife.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 123-131 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 570 )

Higher Education and Intelligent Media Communication

	132	A Pioneering Undertaking: Establishment of “Special Higher Education Zone”in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone
		XIA Quan, WANG Jing
		The“13th Five-Year”plan of higher education in Shenzhen proposed to push for an international, open and innovative higher education system with Shenzhen characteristics, making Shenzhen an important center of higher education in southern China. In recent years, Shenzhen has made great efforts to develop higher education, work on its own weaknesses in this regard, and actively promote higher education in three ways: promoting innovation in local colleges and universities, introducing prestigious universities from home and abroad to Shenzhen, and running schools in collaboration with famous Chinese and foreign universities. However, many problems still restrict the development of higher education in Shenzhen such as its small scale, relatively low level of personnel training, inadequate integration of higher education and the city, lagging legal system construction, and the restriction of conventional institutions. The key to tackling these problems lies in legislation: establish “higher education special zone” through exploration and define the nature of legislation; carry out positive cooperation and define the relationship among major legislators; promote closer cooperation between schools and enterprises and further integration of higher education and the city so as to resolve problems in higher education in Shenzhen, and therefore break down the barriers in the reform of China's higher education and make a good attempt to build a modern university system and improve the governance system in China's higher education.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 132-137 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 449KB] ( 436 )

	138	Social Entrepreneurship Education in American Universities
		ZHUO Ze-lin
		Social entrepreneurship is one of the most important and influential ideas in the past few years, and its appearance has a strong influence on the teaching ideas and practice of every prestigious university. However, as the concept of social entrepreneurship is ambiguous and is intertwined with business entrepreneurship, people have some misunderstanding about the nature of social entrepreneurship, which even makes a major problem perplexing social entrepreneurship. It is difficult to distinguish social entrepreneurship from business entrepreneurship as there is a lot of overlap between these two concepts and we can even say that any effort to draw a clear line between them is in vain. Social entrepreneurship education is a new beginning for American research universities, where students are encouraged to actively participate in social affairs and social changes and teachers also actively respond to social entrepreneurship, and cooperate with entrepreneurial organizations to solve social problems, which has actually become a new trend. From the examples of the entrepreneurship activities of American college students, we find it is really worthwhile to involve social entrepreneurship education in college.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 138-144 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 490KB] ( 490 )

Humanities and Chinese Spirit

	145	Literary Criticism Concept of XIE Zhao-zhi's Xia Cao Zhai Shi Hua
		HU Jian-ci
		The poetic theory and criticism concept of XIE Zhao-zhi's “Xiao Cao Zhai Zhi” is mainly manifested in five aspects: As for the occurrence of poetry, Xie further elaborated the traditional view that poetry was a carrier of emotions. As for the choice of poetry model, Xie advocated modeling after Tang poetry. As for the pursuit of artistic standard, Xie attached great importance to creation principles and artistic conception and style. As for the relationship between realistic description and aesthetic imagination, Xie advocated a half-and-half mixture of them. As for beginners guide to write poems, Xie emphasized the purpose of writing should be reviewed. XIE Zhao-zhi'd poetic theory aimed to find a cure for the maladies afflicting the poetry world, persistently pursue ideal poetic beauty, and offer guidance to later followers of poetry, which had important impact on the evolution of poetic style and the construction of poetic theory and criticism in middle and late Ming Dynasty.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 145-151 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 565KB] ( 514 )

	152	From Realism to Classicism: The Value of Chinese Centennial Literature and Art Trends
		PAN Shui-ping
		In the 20th century, the literary world of modern China was actually veiled and interwoven with a kind of literary and artistic symptoms that were rather sophistry, generality, and attachment, that is, "realism" to interpret the dislocation, paradox, concealment, obscurity, and intolerance of Chinese classical cultural traditions. It should be said that this is inseparable from the origin of classicism that was dusty or even misread in China in the 20th century. Regarding the interpretation of Chinese classical cultural traditions by "realism" rather than "classicism", the inherent thinking logic and the problem of the source of discourse hegemony are distorted, flawed, and marginal. In the current academic circles, it has not attracted the corresponding high attention, clear description, profound criticism and rational correction, and it is still in the situation of being blind. This is undoubtedly extremely regrettable.It is worth mentioning that through the historical context of the Chinese literary and art phenomena that have been superimposed in the century of the 20th century, it can be clearly seen that the mainstream consciousness has undergone rapid changes, the integration of multicultural horizons, and the shift of theoretical construction values. It is precisely the main cause of the inner vein that caused this phenomenon of sexual literature and art. It is necessary to explore this topic in an extended way. It can also provide people with a deep understanding and overall grasp of the fate of "classicism" in China, and provide a kind of internal discussion that points to high distance and a new and sharp modern differentiation.
		2018 Vol. 35 (3): 152-160 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 593KB] ( 364 )

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