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	2016 Vol.33 Issue.4 Published 2016-07-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Philosophical Studies Political Science Legal Studies Literary Studies Special Economic Zones and Chinese Road Creative Economy and Culture Industry Economics Management Sociology Studies Study of Histories Studies of Education

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	6	Response of Early Chinese Marxists around the May 4th Movement to Western Challenges
		ZHU Qing-yue
		Meeting challenges from other social thoughts in different periods is one of the problem situations that need to be resolved in the practice of Marxism in China. For example, around the May 4th Movement, early Chinese Marxists responded positively to the challenges of the westernizers from various aspects: in historical conception, they responded with historical materialism to historical evolutionism and cultural determinism of the westernizers, providing preliminary answers to what were China’s problems and the root causes; in view of freedom, with socialist view of freedom they responded to western bourgeoisie’s liberalism, providing preliminary answers to how to solve China’s problems and where China should go at that time; in truth view, with Marxist conception of truth they responded to pragmatic theory of truth, providing preliminary answers to the question of whether Marxism is truth; in cultural view, with innovative fusion of Chinese and Western culture they responded to Western overall concept of culture and west-centered theory, providing preliminary answers to how to handle the relation between Chinese and Western culture and whether Marxism is needed as guidance in this regard. These responses not only delivered a clear message to the general public that resolving China’s problems (such as handling the relation between Chinese and Western culture, and the construction of social ideological pattern) needed Marxism and that Marxism had the ability and quality of solving Chinese problems, but also provided an indirect warning for the Chinese Marxists ever since that the practice of Marxism in China could not be easy or successful once and for all.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 6-7 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 500KB] ( 533 )

	13	Three Major Interpretation Paradigms of the Relation Between Marxism and Traditional Chinese Culture
		LI Yuan-xu, PING Zhang-qi
		There are three major interpretation paradigms about the relation between Marxism and traditional Chinese culture. The ideology paradigm takes Marxism as aproletarian theory, and regards traditional Chinese culture as the ideology of the landlord class. The civilization paradigm categorizes Marxism and traditional Chinese culture respectively into Western civilization and Chinese civilization. The noumenon and expression paradigm, following the concepts of noumenon and expression in the history of Chinese philosophy, comes up various proposals such as “Chinese ideas with Western expression”, “Western ideas with Chinese expression”, or “Marxism as spirit, Chinese leaning as subject, Western learning as usage”. In terms of the relation between Marxism and traditional Chinese culture, we need to explore for interpretation paradigms of greater explanatory power and adaptability.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 13-18 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 453KB] ( 432 )

Special Economic Zones and Chinese Road

	19	Experience in the Construction of Hong Kong International Financial Centre and its Implication for Shenzhen
		LI Chun-ding, DONG Yan, JIN Hang
		Qianhai of Shenzhen is now working on the construction of an international financial center. As it is adjacent to Hong Kong and has close economic exchanges and trade with the latter, Hong Kong’s experience in the construction of its International Financial Center can be a good reference for Shenzhen. The successful construction of Hong Kong International Financial Center can be boiled down to policy factors, external factors and internal factors, including innovative and technological policies, industry expansion policies, free trade and favorable environment for capital flow, commercial freedom policies, perfect law and regulation system, lower level of taxation, good infrastructure, high-quality workforce, and close contact with mainland. Shenzhen should learn from Hong Kong’s experience in the construction of its international financial center, vigorously promoting innovation and industry upgrading policies, freeing market, establishing perfect legal system, encouraging benign competition, attaching importance to talent training, taking advantage of favorable conditions to construct Shenzhen Financial Center, and pushing mutual development of Shenzhen’s and Hong Kong’s financial centers.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 19-26 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 608KB] ( 605 )

	26	The Evolution and Influence of Compensated Use of Land System in Shenzhen
		FU Ying
		Shenzhen pioneered in the reform of land use system? in China. With the historical evolution of reform and opening-up, its compensated use of land system has been changing constantly, which is characterized by different stages. Specifically there are five stages: experiment of compensated use of state-owned land, the paid and terminable transfer of the use right of state-owned land, perfection of the paid transfer of the use right of state-owned land, maturity of the paid transfer of the use right of state-owned land, and exploration of the transfer of use right of collectively-owned lands. The representative systems and practices created in this course such as separation of land use from land ownership, public transfer of land in the?tangible?market, setting up land use rights by layers and items, land resources allocation completely put into market, and the distribution of premium income from the original collectively-owned rural land have produced positive impact upon the legislation and practice of compensated use of land in China.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 26-31 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 442KB] ( 463 )

	32	Empirical Analysis of Port Group Positioning in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Big Bay Area
		CHEN Zhao-meng
		Ports are densely distributed in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau big bay area. Problems such as function overlap, intense competition, inadequacy in scientific positioning and coordination mechanism cannot be ignored. There is a need to scientifically reposition the levels and functions of the ports in the bay area. Based on the development requirements of “One Belt and One Road”, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau big bay area will be built into a world-class bay area. The port group in this area will construct a port structure with distinct levels and reasonable functions and form a development model of “one heart, one body, and two wings”, namely taking Shenzhen as its core port, the three hub ports of Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Guangzhou as major ports, and local important ports as wings in the east and west. Meanwhile, the development of the port group in the bay area requires us to make breakthroughs in ideas and innovation in systems in terms of Shenzhen’s economic management functions, expansion of administrative divisions, and the establishment of coordination mechanism at a national level.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 32-35 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 415KB] ( 821 )

Creative Economy and Culture Industry

	36	Research on Financial Support for Integration Innovation of Culture and Technology: Based on Empirical Analysis of Data from 1995 to 2013
		HAN Yu-jun, WANG Li
		The integration of culture and technology is helpful to improve independent innovation capacity and competiveness of China’s cultural industry. It will also provide new cultural concept for technological innovation and promote the adjustment and upgrading of traditional industry structure. Finance provides important support and helps promote the integration of culture and technology. Using the data in culture, technology and finance from 1995 to 2013, this paper first examines the empirical relationship between culture and finance, and the relationship between technology and finance, which suggests finance has positive impact on culture and technology. Then it studies the impact of finance upon the integration of culture and technology. The empirical results show that the development of finance promotes the integration innovation of culture and technology. Finally, the paper puts forward policy suggestions according to the empirical results.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 36-41 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 480KB] ( 492 )

	42	Economic Analysis of Public Cultural Services: Based on the Perspective of Supply and Demand
		AN Yan-lin, MA Jing
		Public cultural service is an important part of cultural service. It mainly meets the basic cultural rights and interests of the public, and provides necessary cultural conditions for sustainable social development. It also improves the overall national quality, strengthens national cohesion, and promotes the cultural soft power. To better realize the basic cultural rights of the public and reasonable distribution of public cultural resources, we need to make an economic analysis of public cultural service from the perspective of supply and demand to find approaches to balance supply and demand. The factors like the regional differences in economic development, fiscal decentralization, the residents’ income and education level, and the level of urbanization all have impact on the supply and demand of public cultural service, and conflicts are therefore found in China’s public cultural service. The strategies to achieve a balanced development between supply and demand in China’s public cultural service are mainly to perfect the mechanism for the public to express their requirements for cultural service, give full play to the guiding role of the government, perfect fiscal system, and innovate the supply of public cultural service and so on.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 42-46 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 408KB] ( 550 )

Philosophical Studies

	47	Publicity of Chinese Folk Ethics and Confucian Thought
		GAN Xiao-qing, KE Zhen-chang
		Relative to official ethics, folk ethics is the code of conduct popular among the lower classes. Like official ethics, folk ethics belongs to the category of ideology. They are both the product under certain historical conditions and are closely related to each other, but different in generation mode and social functions. Under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese folk ethics gradually forms a system with obligation, honesty, justice and reverence to ancestry as its main content. Unfortunately, Chinese traditional folk ethics is now missing, which is an important cause of many contemporary social problems. Carrying forward good folk ethics is conducive to the construction of contemporary spiritual humanism. Rather than being confined to development of personal virtues, Chinese folk ethics and the Confucianism it reflects demonstrate distinctive publicity.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 47-51 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 480KB] ( 529 )

	52	“The Paradox of the Other”: Lyotard’s Interpretation of Levinas’Ethics of Obligation
		SHI De-jin
		Since the other was beyond rhetoric and language, how could Levinas put forward the ethical concept of the absolute other without incorporating the other into the existential discourse? Therefore, in the opinion of many skeptics, this was “the paradox” that Levinas could not resolve. At this point, Lyotard believed that this was just a neo-Hegelian misreading. Lyotard established a unique logic of prescriptive statements, which were not commensurable with denotative (or descriptive) one, but “other than” or “beyond” it. It would go to the paradox of formal logic or misreading if the discourse of Levinas put into the logic of denotative statements. Instead, it is only being placed in a logic that “other than” denotative statements that it could be correctly understood. Accordingly, Lyotard believed that Levinas just tried to suggest an asymmetric relationship with “the other” through this unique way of statements, and then established the absolute obligation to others.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 52-56 [Abstract] ( 67 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 403KB] ( 458 )

Political Science

	57	Public Recognition: the Construction of Legal Path for Contemporary Grass-root Government Mobilization
		ZHANG Jin-song, YANG Shu-fang
		No government can be established or consolidated without the support of legal resources. A government can achieve long-term stability through public recognition and acceptance. In political practice, the legal basis of grass-root government mobilization has been constantly changing with changes in domestic and international situations. Since China’s reform and opening up, as legal authority diminishes and the conception of popular sovereignty gets deeper in the heart of common people, the public calls for political modernization on its recognized object. And this is accompanied by increasingly strong sense of relative deprivation of common people in the process of modernization and the damage of the basis of grass-root mobilization, which puts into question of the legality of grass-root governments. The grass-root governments need to win public recognition in ideology, basis of rules and effectiveness. Therefore, we need to shape the notion of the interest community of the mobilization subject, construct power regulation and social security system among the mobilization objects, and ensure all members of society an equal share of the development outcomes.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 57-63 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 560KB] ( 446 )

	64	On the Discourse System of XI Jin-ping’s Speeches on Deepening Reform in an All-around Way
		CHEN Dong-qiong
		Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), XI Jin-ping, general secretary of CPC, delivered a series of important speeches on promoting reform and brought forward many new ideas, new opinions and new arguments, which constructed a discourse system of deepening reform in an all-around way. This reform discourse characterized with distinct national features and new spirit of times is the organic unity of political discourse and public discourse, and becomes the mainstream discourse for people to understand reform and opening up.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 64-68 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 455KB] ( 502 )

Economics

	69	Constraints, Prospects and Operation Promotion of China’s Growth Chain Finance Development
		LU Min-feng, GE He-ping
		As China’s financial reform has been deepened and broadened, urban and rural residents have increasingly diverse and personalized demand for financial services. As a form of finance innovation, the growth chain finance adapts well to China’s social and economic development and shows great potential for advancement. However,it is currently only a financial service concept which needs to be popularized in practice. Our study shows there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the credit scale, disposable income, consumption level and population size of Chinese residents. Among them, the increase in per capita disposable income of China’s residents has the biggest impact on credit expansion. The increase of disposable personal income and population has a stimulating effect on credit scale. But China’s credit scale has both positive and negative impact upon itself. In the process of operation promotion, as a form of finance innovation, the growth chain finance takes Internet financial model, constructs standardized and authoritative credit system, and implements diverse operating strategies, which helps the sustainable, quick and healthy development of the growth chain finance.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 69-76 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 678KB] ( 409 )

	77	Economic Growth, Housing Prices and Scale of Local Government Debt
		QI Tian-xiang, CHEN Rui
		Economic growth and housing prices wield significant influence on the scale of local government debt. The findings of our study are as follows: economic growth has significant negative effect on the scale of local government debt scale, has increased fiscal surplus of local governments, improved their capacity to sustain debt, and reduced debt scale; housing prices have significant positive impact on the scale of local government debt as local governments get loans through land mortgage and issue quasi-municipal bond on the basis of land transfer revenues; high housing prices certainly lead to high land prices; the higher the land prices, the easier for the government to get debt income, which indirectly leads to bigger debt. Besides, situations vary greatly in different regions, which may be related to the market development, and ability to attract elements in different regions. Thus, it is suggested that the local government should be cautious to leverage to promote economic development, and avoid rapid debt expansion. At the same time, we need to fully understand the positive feedback between housing prices and debt scale, and prevent and control debt crisis which may be triggered by the bubbles in real estate market. Local governments should arrange new debts according to the practical purpose of regional debts, and cannot blindly copy the experience of other regions, and certainly not take a “one size fits all” approach.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 77-82 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 473KB] ( 506 )

Management

	83	Energy Cooperation Strategy of the Silk Road Economic Belt along Xinjiang and Central Asia
		YU Xiao-zhong, GU Sui
		The Silk Road Economic Belt is the updated version of regional economic and trade cooperation. It focuses on cooperation and development in energy and provides broad connotation, extension and space for energy cooperation between Xinjiang and Central Asia. Despite great prospects, energy cooperation will still be conditioned by the complex environment of Central Asia and the internal factors of Xinjiang, such as its unique economic model and industrial structure. Thus, in order to realize mutually beneficial cooperation, which is the common goal of the Silk Road Economic Belt, Xinjiang and Central Asia need to strengthen energy dialogue, expand energy diplomacy, promote the construction of Xinjiang’s strategic base of energy, and speed up the establishment and improvement of the information platform of Central Asia energy cooperation
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 83-87 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 440KB] ( 444 )

	88	Urbanization, Transfer Payments and Local Bureaucratic Corruption
		LUO Ye-xiao, DUAN Long-long
		The longitudinal transfer payment system and new urbanization strategy have noticeable impact on China’s local corruption. This paper, based on spatial perspective and SPD maximum likelihood estimation method, makes an in-depth discussion of the relationship between urbanization, transfer payments and local corruption in thirty one provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities from 2000 to 2013. What the empirical study suggests are as follows: urbanization fosters corruption by enhancing “infrastructure investment?” impulse of local bureaucrats and reducing the cost to attract investment in adjacent regions; central transfer payments to local governments facilitate the corruption of local bureaucrats as they have significant territorial “flypaper” effect and spatial spillover effect; transfer payments increase the motives for rent-seeking with power due to regional “achievement competition”, though they directly meet the need of urbanization and help restrain local corruption by “yardstick competition” order. In view of various causes for corruption, it is more important to constrain the fiscal factors directly related to the behavior of local governments.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 88-93 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 474KB] ( 416 )

Legal Studies

	94	Calculation of Debt Interest during Delayed Execution Period from Legal Perspective
		HE Gui-hua, MA Qian-hui
		With respect to the debt interest during delayed execution period, the civil procedure law has made provisions, but they are not very detailed. “Explanation on Several Questions of Law Application in Interest Calculation on the Debt during Delayed Execution Period in the Execution Period” issued by Supreme People’s Court defines base number, interest rate and time limit, but the issues like general debt interest, coterminous rate, time limit, and whether legal costs and other expenses are included in base are not settled. “On Judicial Interpretation of the Applicability of the Civil Procedure Law” issued by Supreme People’s Court does not give definitive answers to the above questions. To figure out the problems, we have to proceed from the following aspects: interest of general debt should not be included in base number; legal costs such as case acceptance fees should be treated differently; appraisal cost and other expenses should be included in base number; coterminous rate is provided at 0.0175% per diem; deferred debt interest should be paid double even if it is not stated in effective legal documents; the deadline during delayed execution period should be determined according to the date when the executor get the money; the delayed execution period should be calculated by days.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 94-98 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 500 )

	99	Approaches to Legal Operation Reform from the Supply Front in China’s Energy Enterprises
		ZHENG Jia-ning
		Drawing on the experience of operation reform from the supply front in energy enterprises of European Union and the United States, in accordance with the current situation of China’s energy industry, this paper probes into the legal principles which operation reform from the supply front in China’s energy enterprises should follow so as to construct the overall program for the legal operation reform from the energy supply front in China’s energy enterprises based on independent operation system. The legal principles to be followed are as follows: to ensure energy safety sources; to strengthen the operation independence in transmission part; to advance reform gradually and steadily. Finally, the paper points out four specific legal systems to be constructed: supervise the operation capability of the transmission and distribution pipelines of independent transportation entities; operate independently; grant permission to operation; stipulate the rights and obligations of the owners of the transmission pipelines.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 99-104 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 448KB] ( 452 )

Literary Studies

	105	The Digestion and Reflection on the Derogatory Views of the Poems in the Late-Tang of the Poetic Criticism since the Ming Dynasty
		HU Jian-ci
		The digestion and reflection on the derogatory views of the poems in the late-Tang of the poetic criticism since the Ming Dynasty, overall show the features which will continue to inherit and enhance, the poetry of the late-Tang Dynasty which was eventually placed into the historical development of poetry in its place. Its course can be divided into four stages: first, the middle-Ming Dynasty as the guide and the highlight period; the second is the late-Ming Dynasty as the expansion and extension period; the third is the Qing Dynasty as the full and the deepening period; the forth is the Republic of China as the consummation and the publicity period. From a side, this clue reflects the unique characteristics of the complex system of traditional poetics, which is of unique contemplation significance.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 105-111 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 530KB] ( 490 )

	112	Expression of Meaning with Images: Hermeneutic Objective of the Images of Chinese Classical Poetry
		LI You-guang
		From the perspective of hermeneutics, the meaning of “the images of symbols” in The Book of Changes can be understood and interpreted by observers from different angles and levels including various needs and purposes. Laozi’s “image of imagination” highlights the recipient’s initiative and provides philosophical resource for later multi-understanding of aesthetic images. Confucian “image of personality” and its way of likening things in nature to human spirits helped to shape “the poetic theory of Mei Ci (interpreting images in poetry with corresponding political ideals and ethical values)”. The specific image of context in poetry requires the recipient to achieve balance between freedom and restriction in his understanding and interpretation.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 112-117 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 530KB] ( 592 )

Sociology Studies

	118	Analysis of the Present Situation and Development Trend of Family Structure in China
		TONG Huijie, SONG Dan
		Family situation, family structure and its development tendency are closely related to social development, especially to economy, politics and culture in current society, which exert great impact, without exception, upon the existing family structure. Based on census data and analysis and comparison of relevant data in the statistical yearbook, we can generalize three characteristics of current Chinese family structure: miniaturization of family size, nucleation of family structure and diversification of family types. From the perspective of population policy, the strict implementation of the national policy of family planning has led to a fall in birthrate. Socially and economically, the urbanization process has been accelerated. Ideologically, the changing concepts of fertility, pension and family have transformed the pattern of family structure. All these are the causes of the present situation and development trend of China’s family structure.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 118-123 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 1148 )

	124	Social Construction of Modern Festivals and City Images from the Perspective of Tourism Gaze
		LU Xiao, LU Xiao-cong
		Based on the theory of tourism gaze, from different angles of the government, locals, media and the enterprises joining in the festivals, we examine the development mechanism of modern festivals and their relationship with the city image and social construction. Our study shows modern festivals under tourism gaze exert great impact on economy, culture and politics and that the festivals take on different meanings from the perspective of different observers. Modern festivals present a space imbued with symbols. Under the influence of tourism gaze, they are related to socially reconstructed city image. In the Internet age, the government, locals, tourists, media and enterprises all join to shape the rational expectation of the city image by striking a balance between market and culture, individuals and the community, and tradition and modernity. Among them, the government has more say. It exerts power to shape and dominate our perception of the city image.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 124-129 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 536KB] ( 528 )

Study of Histories

	130	“‘Revealing the Historical Truth ’ in the Best Possible Way”: the Academic Pursuit of a Contemporary Historian
		GONG Yun
		History is composed of countless individual experiences. Life experiences of individual historians reflect the development of historiography. Fang Zhiguang is an expert in Chinese modern history. His academic career, in some way, mirrors the progression of historiography in new China and the concern of new China’s historians for history. In his study, Fang “only seeks to tell right from wrong, nothing else.” He insists history study be guided by Marxist historical materialism?theory and works on the principles of truth-seeking and pragmaticism. His attitude toward history study, his research method, and principles will exert great impact upon the development of today’s Chinese history study.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 130-136 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 468 )

	137	Changes in Social Thoughts and Academic World： Western Political Studies Introduced in China in Late Qing Dynasty
		WU Zu-kun, WANG Kun
		Western political studies were introduced in China not in a flat but truly three dimensional way, which triggered dramatic changes in both social thoughts and academic world. During the process, there existed the “infiltration” of new knowledge and new learning and selective “avoidance” of some social classes and groups. That is what really happened when Western political studies were introduced in China: there was some distance between the spread and acceptance of new knowledge. In late Qing Dynasty, the “new knowledge” of Western political thoughts and political studies took root in the “old country” confronted with crises, and then sprouted and grew. The cultural clashes, conflicts, and contradictions eventually pushed China into a new age.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 137-142 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 556KB] ( 488 )

Studies of Education

	143	The Establishment and Basic Characteristics of Japan’s College Quality Assurance System
		HUANG Fu-tao
		At present, academics have made extensive study of the college quality assurance of European and American countries represented by the U.S. and the U. K., but seldom touched upon Japan’s changes in recent years. Since 1990s, due to various national and international factors, learning from Europe and America and taking into account of its own university tradition, Japan has gradually established a multi-level,multi-dimension and multilateral college quality assurance system with different measurements which include self-assessment, external assessment and the third party assessment. This paper argues that different from western countries like the U.S and the U.K. the influence and control of the central government has always existed although Japan’s current college quality assurance system grew in the context of marketization and internalization. The study also suggests the new quality assurance system has actually increased the transparency of school management in Japan’s universities and also improved their performance, especially prompted fundamental changes in national universities. However, it remains largely unknown that current quality assurance system to what extent can have the desired effects and results.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 143-149 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 845KB] ( 407 )

	150	On Practices of Discipline Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Republic of China
		XIONG Xian-jun, ZHANG Chun
		Proper discipline system is the basis for achieving the goal of discipline education. Therefore, the Ministry of Education of Nanjing national government set up a discipline committee in charge of discipline education in schools. Primary and secondary schools sought to establish discipline organizations with distinctive characteristics. The academic world, the educational circles, and the administrative departments in educational institutions had heated discussion on the goals, contents and methods of discipline education, which triggered a complicated and diverse fever for discipline education. Overall, the goals of discipline education in Republic of China were culturally-based, closely related to children’s life and in line with the times. Various methods introduced were specific and feasible. The way they discovered on how to break down the boundary between “teaching” and “nurturing”, and the core issues like making the goals and contents of moral education specific, attaching importance to teachers’ quality can still provide reference for moral education in current schools.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 150-155 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 489KB] ( 395 )

	156	*Love and Redemption: Intertextual Interpretation of Little Women* and Bible**
		LIU Zhi
		Due to the influence of her time and culture, Alcott’s magnum opus Little Women is impregnated with strong Christian faith. There is distinct intertextuality between her book and Bible in terms of main characters, setting, narrative structure, theme, and literary images. The rich biblical resources in the novel help reflect the social life of a small town in New England during American Civil War, convey the mainstream Puritan philosophy, and create a series of typical Puritans with detailed and vivid description. But above all, they endow the novel profound poetic characteristics, which make this family saga based on the author’s life story very metaphorical and highly expressive of Christian ethics and values: sin is universal and God’s love and mercy for every sinner deliver them from evil.
		2016 Vol. 33 (4): 156-160 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 530KB] ( 699 )

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