Abstract：The form of wage labor created by capital is the material force that opens the core and foundation of modernity. Adhering to the principle of finding the new world in criticizing the old world, Marx found that wage labor leads to the detachment of subjectivity in the anatomy of capital modernity, and demonstrated the existence ontology, production practice theory and historical dialectics of the reconstruction of labor modernity. Marx’s understanding of labor as a way of being for human beings transcends Hegel’s abstract understanding of labor, criticizes Feuerbach’s understanding of labor as a theoretical activity, takes perceptual activity as the core, breaks through the concepts of labor, practice and production, and expounds the existence ontology of the reconstruction of labor modernity. Aiming at the realization of the subject status of workers, Marx regarded the relationship between capital and labor as the key to opening modernity. Based on the revolutionary change of production practice, Marx found the way to subvert capital modernity and rebuild labor modernity in the history of labor development. The historical dialectics of Marx’s reconstruction of labor modernity include the historical materialism method which combines macro narrative and micro narrative, the political economy method which combines human anatomy and monkey anatomy, and the scientific socialism method which combines ideal category and reality category. In the new era, adhering to Marx’s thought of rebuilding labor modernity is conducive to promoting the Chinese-style modernization construction in which labor creates a better life.
2023, Vol. 40 
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