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	2025 Vol.42 Issue.3 Published 2025-05-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Humanities and Chinese Spirit Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Politics, Law and Social Governance

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	5	The Mechanism and Policy Effects of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone Construction on Grain Production Resilience
		LI Shao-lin, MA Li
		Against the backdrop of intensifying global climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and increasing market volatility, enhancing grain production resilience has become a central issue in achieving national food security and sustainable agricultural development. Based on unbalanced panel data from 2,649 counties in China from 2011 to 2022, this study employs a difference-in-differences (DID) model to systematically assess the impact of the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone (NMADZ) on grain production resilience and its underlying mechanisms. The results show that the construction of NMADZ significantly enhances grain production resilience. The strengthening effect is particularly pronounced in major grain-producing and production-consumption balanced regions, economically developed areas, eastern and central regions, and areas with relatively low rural labor endowment. NMADZ enhances grain production resilience by coordinating regional agricultural resources, promoting the efficient flow of production factors to optimize resource allocation efficiency, and by advancing modern agricultural technologies and strengthening organized production to improve agricultural productivity. Therefore, it is essential to systematically optimize the agricultural factor allocation mechanism, guide resources toward major and high-efficiency grain-producing areas, and improve supportive systems such as land transfer, agricultural services, and technological support, thereby continuously enhancing resource allocation efficiency and production efficiency, and fully unleashing the strategic role of NMADZ in reinforcing grain production resilience.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 5-11 [Abstract] ( 10 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 796KB] ( 98 )

	16	Low-Altitude Economy, New Quality Productivity, and the Construction of Modern Industrial System
		LI Xue-yan, LI Xin
		Low-altitude economy can continuously deepen the application of low-altitude technology in various industries. It has become a powerful driving force for the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the development and growth of emerging industries, and has important practical significance for building a modern industrial system. The panel data of 30 provincial administrative units in China were selected. With the research period from 2008 to 2023, the effect and influence path of low-altitude economy on the construction of modern industrial system were quantitatively investigated. Research has found that the low-altitude economy can significantly empower the construction of modern industrial system. Low-altitude economy can give rise to new business forms and models, create a large number of high-quality jobs, provide a broad platform for the development of new quality productivity, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, continuously cultivate and expand strategic emerging industries and future industries, and thereby empower the construction of modern industrial system. The eastern region is in a leading position in terms of talent reserves and the research and development of low-altitude economic technologies, which is conducive to giving full play to the enabling effect of the low-altitude economy on the construction of modern industrial system. Since the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the optimization of the policy environment, continuous technological progress, and the growth of market demand have all contributed to promoting the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy. Therefore, from 2017 to 2023, the low-altitude economy will play a stronger role in promoting the construction of modern industrial system. The driving effect of low-altitude economy on the construction of modern industrial system has a positive spatial spillover effect. Based on this, China should cultivate new growth poles for low-altitude economic development, activate new sources of power for the development of new quality productivity, and build a differentiated development path for a modern industrial system, so as to accelerate the construction of modern industrial system.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 16-26 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 652KB] ( 173 )

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	27	The Ya Yue Restoration Movement under the Imperial Power Politics of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Ideal of “Returning to the Three Dynasties”
		LIU Qian
		The Ya Yue restoration movement that emerged in the Northern Song Dynasty has always been regarded as the largest-scale and most deeply influential Ya Yue restoration movement in ancient Chinese history since the Zhou Dynasty. This movement began during the reign of Emperor Taizu, was advanced through the efforts of Emperors Taizong, Zhenzong, Renzong, etc., reached its peak during the reign of Emperor Huizong, and quickly came to an end with the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty. The rise of this restoration movement had profound historical motivations. Based on a profound reflection on the history of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, the scholar-officials of the Northern Song Dynasty put forward the political ideal of “returning to the Three Dynasties” (Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties). Emperor Renzong and the subsequent emperors conformed to this historical trend, established “returning to the Three Dynasties” as the basic national policy, and launched a vigorous Ya Yue restoration movement. However, in specific practices, severely disturbed by imperial power politics, this Ya Yue restoration movement could not achieve true restoration in terms of both the reform of music temperament and the creation of music scores. It even became a tool for the rulers to whitewash peace. Judging from the specific implementation of the Ya Yue restoration movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, the so-called “returning to the Three Dynasties” advocated by the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty was merely a political slogan. It was a political means for them to win over the scholar-officials. Maintaining the supreme status of imperial power was their true purpose, and this was precisely the root cause of the ultimate failure of the Northern Song Dynasty’s political ideal of “returning to the Three Dynasties”.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 27-34 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 568KB] ( 28 )

	35	The Theoretical Evolution and Poetic Practice of Integrating Buddhism with Confucianism from the Middle Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty
		PAN Lian-yu
		The intellectual movement of “supplementing Confucianism with Zen” (以禅济儒) from the Mid-Tang to the Northern Song Dynasty accomplished a theoretical paradigm shift from cultural hermeneutics through analogy to ontological reconstruction while pioneering innovative pathways for poetic practice. Han Yu’s implicit appropriation, Li Ao’s systematic transformation, and Liu Zongyuan’s explicit integration collectively implanted Chan Buddhist mind-nature theories into Confucian reforms, driving poetics from the utilitarian “expression of aspirations” (言志) to the introspective “illumination of mind” (明心), thereby catalyzing breakthroughs in the theory of artistic conception and the aesthetics of simplicity. Northern Song Neo-Confucians achieved creative transformations of Zen epistemology at the ontological level: Zhou Dunyi’s Taiji ontology, the Cheng brothers’ framework of principle-unity-with-multiplicity (理一分殊), and Su Shi’s tripartite integration of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism collectively constituted the philosophical paradigm of “immanent transcendence” in Song Neo-Confucianism. Consequently, Northern Song poetics realized a profound synthesis between Chan’s intuitive contemplation and Confucian mixing metaphorical traditions. Huang Tingjian’s formulation of “living phrases” (活句) through transforming gongan (koan) thinking, alongside Su Shi’s implementation of Middle Way aesthetics to generate speculative profundity, became exemplary models for Song poetry’s dual characteristics of speculative depth and ethereal resonance. The Chan-Confucian synthesis not only reshaped the spiritual structure of literati but also transformed religious experiences into aesthetic practices through poetic thinking, thereby opening a new interpretive space for the philosophical turn of classical Chinese poetics. More significantly, the syncretic wisdom, discursive strategies, and systematic frameworks demonstrated in this synthesis provide vital insights for contemporary civilizational dialogue and poetic innovation.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 35-43 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 578KB] ( 49 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	44	Impact Effect and Mechanism of Local Government Attention to Culture and Tourism Integration on Tourism Economy Development
		WU Cheng-zhong, CHEN Ping
		The integration of culture and tourism is an important way to promote the high-quality development of the culture and tourism industry, which is of great significance in promoting the growth of local tourism economy. Based on the theory of government attention, using the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, based on applying the natural language processing method to measure local government attention to culture and tourism integration, and using the panel fixed effects model, instrumental variable method and mediation effect model, the effect and mechanism of local government attention to culture and tourism integration on the tourism economy development are empirically examined for the first time. It is found that the increase of local government attention to culture and tourism integration significantly promotes the growth of per capita domestic tourism income and total domestic and foreign tourism income, but the promotion effect on per capita foreign tourism income is not significant, and the relevant conclusions still hold after the robustness test and endogeneity treatment. The local government attention to culture and tourism integration promotes tourism economic development through the dual path of promoting the creation of high-grade tourist attractions and actively developing the tourism value of cultural resources. The impact effect of local government attention to culture and tourism integration on tourism economic development varies according to regional economic development levels and fiscal expenditure levels; in regions with lower economic development levels (such as the central and western as well as inland areas) and in areas with higher fiscal expenditure in the cultural sector, the effect is more pronounced.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 44-56 [Abstract] ( 9 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 607KB] ( 114 )

	57	The Construction of the Social Value Field of Domestic Digital Games
		JIANG Zhe-feng
		The social value field of digital games refers to a set of social value systems formed through the coordinated operation of mechanisms such as cultural production, intelligent experience, user social interaction and discourse translation during the game process. It has the characteristics of value normativity, bias and constructiveness. Constructing the social value field of domestic digital games aims to promote the leap of domestic digital games from a simple entertainment carrier to a media form with the function of shaping social values, enabling them to play a more constructive media effectiveness in aspects such as reshaping the social relationship network, guiding positive social behaviors and cultivating the mainstream cultural ecology. Currently, the construction of the social value field of domestic digital games still faces four major problems: First, classic culture “loses its voice” in the content presentation of domestic digital games. Second, intelligent technology “loses its speed” in the technological research and development process of domestic digital games. Third, social behavior “deviates from the norm” during the user interaction of domestic digital games. Fourth, discourse translation “loses its effectiveness” in the penetration of user circles of domestic digital games.In response to this, game developers must innovate the media for expressing classic culture in domestic digital games, and deeply explore the social value of the digital production of game culture; accelerate the speed of independent technological research and development, and enhance the “spillover” ability of game intelligent technology; establish a framework for social behavior norms to create a positive and healthy game ecosystem; promote the hierarchical penetration of game users, innovate the discourse system of hierarchical communication, and form a consensus on social value discourse.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 57-67 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 603KB] ( 123 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	68	The Impact of Eco-compensation Policies Differences on the Farmers’ Livelihood Strategies in Ecological Protection Red Line Areas
		QIU Shui-lin, CAI Xue-xiong
		A reasonable eco-compensation policy is the key to improving the livelihood strategy of farmers in the ecological protection red line area. Based on the DFID sustainable livelihood framework, a theoretical mechanism is constructed to explore the differences in eco-compensation policies and the livelihood strategies of farmers in ecological protection red line areas. Using micro survey data from pilot areas designated by the national ecological protection red line, a binary discrete choice model is employed to empirically analyze the impact of differences in eco-compensation policies on the livelihood strategies of farmers in ecological protection red line areas. The results show that compared to farmers in agricultural dominated ecological protection red line areas, non-agricultural dominated ecological protection red line area farmers have more diversified livelihood activities, stronger risk resistance ability, and smaller resource and environmental dependence. Further analysis reveals that farmers in ecological protection red line areas who accept the compensation method of “blood typing” are more likely to choose non-agricultural livelihood strategies, and this result still holds true after passing the robustness test. At the same time, the household head’s work experience, non-agricultural labor skills and labor force quantity in human capital, the number of mobile phone contacts and frequent contacts in social capital, the opportunity to obtain loans in financial capital, and the type of housing structure in material capital can all promote farmers in ecological protection red line areas to adopt non-agricultural livelihood strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to explore diversified “blood type” compensation methods, broaden the social network of farmers, and leverage the role of green finance in helping farmers overcome difficulties.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 68-76 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 587KB] ( 16 )

	77	Regional Labor Market Promotion Incentives, Earnings Management, and Audit Fees
		WANG Cong, YANG Fei-yu
		With the growing demand for executive talent and the gradual maturation of the executive labor market in China, regional labor market promotion incentives have become an important means of executive motivation, significantly influencing corporate operations and development potential. Using panel data from China’s A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges (2005-2023), this study examines the relationship between regional labor market promotion incentives (local tournament incentives) for CEOs and audit fees. The results show that stronger local tournament incentives are associated with higher audit fees, indicating that auditors charge more when CEOs are subject to regional labor market promotion incentives.The impact of local tournament incentives on audit fees is more pronounced in companies located in first and second tier cities, non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), and firms where CEOs are not nearing retirement. This suggests that when CEOs exhibit stronger willingness to compete in regional labor market tournaments, they face heightened promotion incentives, leading auditors to charge higher fees. The degree of earnings management plays a mediating role in the positive relationship between local tournament incentives and audit fees, indicating that CEOs motivated by regional labor market promotion incentives have an incentive to manipulate earnings, thereby increasing earnings management and audit risk, which leads auditors to charge higher fees.Moving forward, when designing executive compensation incentive mechanisms, listed companies should enhance their ability to identify and respond to regional labor market promotion incentives. Auditors, in turn, should strengthen their scrutiny of such incentives. Listed companies should also prioritize executive incentive policies to mitigate moral hazards. To improve audit quality, regulators should mandate greater transparency in corporate disclosures, strengthen the review and oversight of financial statements, and prevent listed companies from using earnings management to obscure true performance.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 77-86 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 481KB] ( 58 )

Politics, Law and Social Governance

	87	Copyright Exception and Its Systematic Construction on the Generative Artificial Intelligence
		SUN Yang
		As revolutionary technology and a new, high-quality productive force, generative AI profoundly reshapes the production of expressive content, including text, pictures, music, and video. The copyright exception system provides generative AI with beneficial value on technology enhancement and industry development, including the interest-balancing between participants on generative AI and the copyright holders, the social benefits through generative AI based on full access to information, and the prevention of market failure by incentivizing the licensing of copyrighted works. The institutional foundation of the copyright exception system for generative AI lies in the potential for copyright infringement during data input and content generation, which substantially impacts the development of AI technology as well as its industry. Currently the text-data-mining as the statutory exemption is one institutional trial on the establishment of a copyright exception system of generative AI. Despite such institutional trials operating with the statutory certainty, it still fails to regulate generative AI in the field of commercial practice, as well as the diversity of AI technology. To improve the establishment of copyright exception system on generative AI, one should polish the component of copyright statutory exemption through customized model, establish the rules of behaviors on generative AI based on the characteristics out of copyright exception, and coordinate the copyright licensing with the situation of copyright exception, which ultimately promote the rational and orderly development of generative AI.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 87-97 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 531KB] ( 65 )

	98	The Limitation of Criminal Law Protection of Enterprise Data Rights and Interests in the Context of New Economic Crime
		FANG Hui-ying
		In the context of new economic crimes, digital technology not only brings excellent social changes and challenges to the application of criminal law norms, but also provides an opportunity for the transformation of the paradigm of the application of criminal law norms, and provides an impetus for China to explore an autonomous development path of the rule of law. In judicial practice, the position of criminal law regulation of enterprise data rights and interests has the problems of inaccurate focus of legal interests and inadequate appropriateness of legal policies, which damages the judicial judgment function of criminal law norms, destroys the authority and credibility of criminal law norms, and may hinder the development of data circulation and digital technology. For the criminal law regulation of infringing on the rights and interests of enterprise data, we should adhere to the doctrine of criminal law restraint, take a negative preventive position, and give full play to the leading role of civil law, administrative law and other pre-laws and regulations in regulating the market economic order. Criminal punishment for using loopholes in enterprise data rules needs to meet the requirements of criminal illegality and appropriate consequences simultaneously. The punishability of violating the rules of enterprise data management requires not only that the behavior has the illegality of the pre-law, but also that the enterprise cannot obtain unfair benefits. Given the improper acquisition of enterprise data without technical intrusion and objectively preventing data monopoly, the intervention of criminal law has no substantive legitimacy and should not be punished by criminal law in principle.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 98-107 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 27 )

	108	The Problem Attribution, Legislative Space and Dichotomy System of Data Right Confirmation
		WEI Ning, WANG Wei
		Data right confirmation is the premise and foundation for data resource allocation, but the data right confirmation plan has long been controversial. The existing data right confirmation plan does not distinguish between secret data and open data, and does not recognize the complexity of the hierarchical structure of information right and data right. Unified data legislation that does not distinguish between them is not in line with reality. Different levels of data protection have long existed. Traditional trade secret, copyright, and anti-unfair competition protection all set up certain protection for data of varying sizes, which can effectively solve most of the current data protection and utilization problems. Only in the field of open data collection, there is still an institutional gap that needs to be filled by special legislation. Special legislation for the protection of open data collection can concretize many principles and clauses that have been practiced in the judiciary and enhance the certainty of data protection, and is therefore reasonable. A feasible data right confirmation scheme in the future should be a dichotomy system of trade secret protection mechanism and special legislation for open data collection. On the one hand, the trade secret protection mechanism needs to be further improved, including optimizing the confidentiality identification standard and supporting technical measures independently adopted by data controller; on the other hand, core issues such as the object threshold, right content, and right duration of open data collection need to be determined through the formulation of a special “Open Data Collection Protection Law”.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 108-116 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 39 )

Humanities and Chinese Spirit

	117	How Interest Gives Value to Objects: The Nature and Structural Generation of Perry’s Theory of Value
		FENG Ping, YANG Qian-qian
		Interest is a key concept that is often mentioned but not deeply elaborated in the discussion of the question of the nature of value. Perry’s theory of value, which takes interest as its starting point and systematically elucidates the nature of value and its generative mechanism, is a representative theory in modern Western philosophy that provides an in-depth explanation of the relationship between interest and value. This theory regards value as a property assigned to an object by interest, and value is a property of the relationship between interest and object. “Governing Propensity—Expectation—Subordinate Activity—Object Realisation” is the structure of interest activity and the meaning-generating mechanism of value. In this structure, In this structure, the governing propensity provides the motor and energy source for the interest activity, the expectation focuses and determines the specific object of interest, and the subordinate activity, driven by the governing propensity and the expectation of the result of the activity, promote the actual existence of the object of interest, so that the value is generated and embodied in this structure. Perry’s theory of value reveals the complex driving factors and mediating elements behind interest and value, breaks through the traditional path of value analysis that reduces the essence of value to a single element such as the object of pleasure or desire, and provides a more comprehensive analytical approach for the exploration of the essence of value in value philosophy. Following this approach, human beings can grasp the logic of different values in the diversity of value choices and value conflicts, thus establishing a foundation for human coordination and integration of different values. At the same time, Perry’s interest-based theory of value can alleviate human concerns about value relativism, and it is committed to a stability and harmony based on the plurality of interests under the premise of recognising the diversity of interests.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 117-124 [Abstract] ( 9 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 40 )

	125	Virtual Geography and Spatial Fix of Digital Capitalism
		WU Hong-tao
		The historical process of capitalism’s growth and expansion is deeply embedded in a distinct geopolitical logic, which manifests not only in the general process of capital accumulation and territorial expansion but also in the specific need for contradiction displacement and crisis resolution. The geographical narrative of capitalism’s crisis resolution reflects its instrumental use of spatial fixes. In the past, capitalism’s spatial fixes primarily revolved around real geography, but with the emergence of digital capitalism, its spatial fixes have undergone a profound shift from real geography to virtual geography. The developed economic attributes of capitalism provide it with the technical conditions for laying out the virtual geography, and the political attributes characterized by a keenness for expansion endow it with the inherent driving force for establishing virtual hegemony. Virtual geography is the projection of digital capitalism’s pursuit of geographical control into cyberspace and digital realms, inheriting capitalism’s inherent logic of profit-seeking and desire. On a logical level, virtual geography manifests as the virtual replication of reality, the reality oriented toward the virtual, and the advanced virtuality of the virtual. Virtual geography shapes the spatial fixes of digital capitalism, including constructing a spatial politics of digital enclosure, creating a spatial economy of rent-free land, and generating a spatial culture of dissolving time. The immaterial nature of virtual geography makes the spatial fixes it facilitates highly concealed and thus far more elusive, urgently calling for our critical scrutiny.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 125-133 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 567KB] ( 28 )

	134	The Formation and Construction of the Concept of the Chinese Nation in the History Textbooks of the Revolutionary Base Area
		SHANG Sheng-yang
		History textbooks in revolutionary base areas are important carriers for spreading historical knowledge, strengthening national education, and shaping national concepts and national spirits. It conveys the Communist Party of China’s political ideas with a unique logical system, from the nation’s origin, traditional culture to identity, and lays an important knowledge foundation for the formation of the Chinese nation unity’s idea. On the the nation’s origin, it emphasizes the history of the Yellow Emperor Yan Emperor’s national roots, and at the same time discusses the ancient history with Marxist social development theory, laying the national concept of materialism. Regarding the traditional democratic culture, it objectively evaluates Confucius and Confucianism, distinguishes the essence from the dross with Marxist political thought, lays a new ideological cognition foundation, and shapes the national political culture. On this basis, in the writing of the feudal society, the important issues such as the national scope, and the relationship between class and nation are gradually clarified, the national identity is strengthened, the Chinese national view of pluralism and unity is shaped, and the position and assumption of the modern national state of the Communist Party of China is constructed. It constructs a new picture of historical knowledge with Marxist ideology, shapes the people’s concept of Chinese national identity and the political identity of the Communist Party of China, and makes them become new nationals under the new nation-state. The history textbooks in the revolutionary base area are important ideological resources to forge the Chinese national community.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 134-141 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 519KB] ( 26 )

	142	The Mechanism of Mainstream Ideological Emotional Transmission and the Construction of Empathy
		CHEN Tian-ying
		The rapid development of social media has promoted the differentiation of network circles, and the overload of fast-paced information has accelerated the fermentation of emotional topics, resulting in the phenomenon of emotional polarization among circles. Non-mainstream ideologies take advantage of this feature to infiltrate circles in the way of sentimental narration, to obtain more traffic attention and compete for individual attention resources. Therefore, the mainstream ideology needs to use emotional communication to actively break the wall and expand the circle, increase the proportion of emotional intercession based on adhering to rational reasoning, better mobilize emotional power to build cognitive defense lines and correct individual cognitive biases. The emotional transmission of mainstream ideology takes the “consensus aggregation - sharing concrete image - empathy cycle” as the mechanism, and through the emotional aggregation of perceptual discourse, the emotional triggering of the concrete carrier, and the emotional resonance of ritual space, individuals can realize the evolution of rational abstract ideology from emotional identification to behavioral empathy. Given this, the empathic construction of the emotional communication of mainstream ideology in the new era needs to grasp the perceptual connection between grand narrative and daily discourse, adhere to the communication strategy of regional diversification, and promote the discourse production of identifying content. Emphasis should be placed on shaping different empathic transmission carriers, and heterogeneity should avoid empathy fatigue, to maintain the advantages of the content supply side. And build a high-immersion presence space, create an embodied empathy situation, and rely on ritual performance interaction to achieve a collective shared emotion closed loop.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 142-150 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 550KB] ( 66 )

	151	Alternative Visual Expressions and Emotional Communication of National Spirit in Woodcut Printmaking during the Propaganda of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
		ZHANG Biao
		During the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, woodcut printmaking became an important medium for disseminating the national spirit through its unique visual symbols and social functions. Utilizing the strong visual impact of black-and-white contrasts, the convenience of simple production techniques, and low-cost dissemination characteristics, this art form was widely applied under wartime conditions. Through the collaboration of urban and rural dissemination pathways, it connected intellectual and grassroots groups. The emotional communication mechanism of woodcut printmaking established a progressive emotional structure from anger to sympathy and ultimately to patriotism, promoting the transformation from individual emotions to social identity and further realizing the shaping of national spirit and social mobilization. Its symbolic system combined the multi-level representations of imagery and abstraction, integrating the portrayal of heroes and ordinary people, achieving the organic fusion of artistic expression and social functionality. In dissemination strategies, woodcut printmaking adopted different modes such as newspaper serialization, exhibitions, and public postings. These methods revealed differentiated and adaptive dissemination strategies between urban and rural contexts. Urban dissemination emphasized depth and artistic performance, while rural dissemination relied on direct and easy-to-understand visual language to achieve mass mobilization, ultimately contributing to the construction of a nationwide narrative of resistance.
		2025 Vol. 42 (3): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 569KB] ( 56 )

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