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	2020 Vol.37 Issue.3 Published 2020-05-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit Political Science and Rule of Law

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	5	The Theme, Positioning and Highest Principle of ZHANG Zai’s Neo-Confucianism Values
		LIN Le-chang
		Universal values are norms of human motivation and behavior, and also represent human belief or faith. In response to the call for the revival of Confucianism in the Northern Song period, ZHANG Zai gave a new interpretation, from the perspective of values, of the “virtue and propriety (De Li 德-礼) system” which was originally a concept of “benevolent governing ( De Zheng 德政)” in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and systematically expounded the values of “observing proprieties” and “valuing virtues”. ZHANG Zai’s Neo-Confucianism values are rich in content. The virtues he often spoke of include propriety (Li 礼), virtue (De 德),benevolence (Ren 仁), wisdom (Zhi智),faithfulness (Xin信), courtesy (Gong 恭),veneration (Jing 敬), and integrity ( Cheng 诚). In terms of degree of attention and frequency of reference, propriety (Li 礼) and virtue (De 德) are the two basic types of his values. “Observing proprieties and valuing virtues” are the theme of his values. Proprieties ( Li 礼) are not only the way to realize the moral values of benevolence and filial piety, but also have strong value implication, which are normative ethics and values in nature. Benevolence (Ren 仁) and filial piety (Xiao孝) are the cornerstones of “valuing virtues”. Values of “valuing virtues” is divided into the value of benevolence and the value of filial piety. ZHANG Zai’s values are “the philosophy of mean ( Xing Er Zhong Xue形而中学)” in his Neo-Confucianism system, serving as an intermediate link. The orientation and proper implementation of the value of “observing proprieties and valuing virtues” in the real world is the pursuit of “the way of rightness” as the highest principle.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 5-14 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 579KB] ( 477 )

	15	Origin, Historical Development and Researches on Guan Xue
		CHANG Xin
		Guan Xue (Guanzhong School) is a regional school derived from Neo-Confucianism in Guanzhong. It was founded by ZHANG Zai in the Northern Song period and declined in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. However, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Neo-Confucian scholars in Guanzhong inherited Guan Xue with great efforts, completing the genealogy of Neo-Confucianism in Guanzhong since ZHANG Zai and making Guan Xue a regional school of Neo-Confucianism which was descended from ZHANG Zai, and integrated Cheng and Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism and Wang Yangming’s Neo-Confucian School of Mind. ZHANG Zai, the founder of Guan Xue, established the framework of Neo-Confucianism with the philosophy system of “Qi-Dao-Xing-Xin-Cheng” together with the scholars of the Northern Song period, in parallel with Luo School (founded by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi), Lian School (founded by Zhou Dunyi), and Min School (founded by Zhu Xi). In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Lv Nan learned from ZHOU Dun-yi, ZHANG Zai, the Cheng brothers, and Zhu Xi, and drew on each other’s strengths to rectify each other’s weaknesses, reviving Guan Xue with his “Benevolence Philosophy”. In the late Ming Dynasty, Feng Congwu strictly defined Guan Xue through Guan Xue Bian. In the early Qing Dynasty, Li Erqu believed that the practice of the Confucian philosophy was more important than theoretical concepts, and stressed that it was important to “illuminate its embodiment and to adapt its usefulness” (ming ti shi yong 明体适用),which again revived Guan Xue. In the late Qing Dynasty, Liu Guyu, learned in both Chinese and Western philosophies, incorporated modern academics into Guan Xue. In contemporary researches on Guan Xue, scholars have collated relevant literature, and clarified whether “Guan Xue continues after ZHANG Zai”. They have opened up a new field for the researches on Guan Xue by reconstructing the contemporary interpretation system of the logic development of Chinese traditional philosophy, and found a new way of studying Guan Xue, and thus pushed forward the contemporary study of Guan Xue.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 15-24 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 616KB] ( 590 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	25	History and Trend of Modernization of China’s Cultural Governance for 70 years
		CAI Wu-jin
		The modernization of cultural governance is a process of reshaping the subjectivity of multiculturalism, boosting cultural confidence, and highlighting the governance value and function of culture on the basis of promoting the development and prosperity of culture. Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, the modernization of China’s cultural governance has generally gone through five stages of development, i.e. “preliminary germination”, “formal start”, “pioneering exploration”, “steady progress” and “comprehensive further development”. The modernization of cultural governance in China has been a process of transforming the culture subordinate to politics to the culture with independent governance value. Specifically, it promotes the construction of cultural subjectivity of the people, creates an open cultural market, enables the participation of multiple forces, and enhances cultural identity and confidence. At present, drawing on the experience since the founding of the PRC, to further promote the modernization of China’s cultural governance and demonstrate “Chinese governance” in culture and even the “cultural governance” in China, it is necessary to remain true to our original “people-centered” aspiration to implement the principle of “people governance” , to further improve the “co-governance pattern” on the premise of expanding multi-participation, to demonstrate the value of “deep governance” of culture on the basis of reinforcing the rule of law in culture, and to demonstrate cultural confidence in the process of further opening up the market.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 25-35 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 553KB] ( 507 )

	36	“Universities for Students”：the Logical Starting Point, Core Value, and Roadmap for the Construction of “Double First-Class” Universities
		TONG Feng, XIA Quan
		Throughout history the world-class universities have always emphasized serving the country, the society, and especially the students. The logical starting point of the development of world-class universities is “being responsible for students their whole life”, namely “universities for students”. However, the physical construction of “double first-class universities” in China is almost “first-class”, but those universities under construction are becoming ever less like a “true university”. The logical starting point of the development of world-class universities includes theoretical logic and practical logic. According to the theory of educational production function, students are the potential productivity and the core variable element of the construction of “double first-class universities”. A strict selection of faculty, cultivation of students’ independent innovation capacity, and first-class service is the premise, key, and important guarantee for the realization of the idea of “universities for students” in world-class universities. In the new era, in the construction of “double first-class universities”, we must adhere to the logical starting point of “universities for students”, probe into the essential similarities and differences between China’s construction of “double first-class universities” and the construction of world-class universities, be selective in faculty recruitment, encourage students to actively participate in the administration of the university, build a multi-dimensional evaluation system, create a good educational environment, and cultivate and develop students’ healthy personality and cultural quality, so as to help realize people’s yearning for a better life.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 36-43 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 538KB] ( 319 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	44	Mode and Optimal Approaches for Cultural Empowerment of Consumer Goods
		ZI Shu-rong
		The cultural empowerment of consumer goods is to embed cultural elements into consumer goods in the production process to make them acquire cultural attributes, have "cultural characteristics" and form cultural values, so as to enable consumers to have cultural experience in consumption process and meet their cultural needs. The cultural empowerment of consumer goods has become an important feature of the production and development of consumer goods at home and abroad. At present, cultural empowerment of consumer goods has two modes of cultural empowerment and cultural IP empowerment, and the latter has three types of empowerment: external cultural IP authorizing the production of consumer goods, the cultural IP owned by the enterprise itself empowering the production of its own consumer goods and the derivate products of cultural IP empowering consumer goods. It is hopeful to promote and optimize the cultural empowerment of China's consumer goods by upgrading the industrial level of the cultural empowered consumer goods, expanding and optimizing the cultural content empowered in consumer goods, continuing to promote the growth of people's cultural needs, ensuring the quality of consumer goods, and cultivating and increasing cultural creative talents.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 44-50 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 480KB] ( 498 )

	51	Optimization of Cultural Industry Development System Based on Artificial Intelligence Application
		WANG Guang-wen
		Artificial intelligence is applied in every link of cultural industry, impacting cultural industry from microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels, accelerating the restructuring and upgrading and cross-boundary collaboration of cultural industry, and changing the structure and function of the cultural industry development system. By reference to the research results related to the “innovation system”, we can build a logic model of cultural industry development system based on the application of artificial intelligence. The logic model includes the elements of power, system, service and knowledge into the research framework, and provides optimization ideas for the subsystems on the basis of artificial intelligence: in terms of the power subsystem, it is necessary to enhance science and technology, competitiveness, marketing and consumption with artificial intelligence; in terms of the subsystem of politics and law, it is necessary to use artificial intelligence to establish a coordinated management platform for cultural industry to make policies and regulations better applicable to real-world situation; in terms of the service subsystem, it is necessary to improve the supply-side and demand-side services with artificial intelligence; in terms of the knowledge subsystem, it is necessary to improve the ability of education and training, knowledge service and knowledge management. It is necessary to apply artificial intelligence in the whole cultural industry development system to improve the coordination, reinforce the coordination effect of subsystems, and form new functions beyond the functions of each subsystem.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 51-59 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 652KB] ( 827 )

	60	On the Measurement and Development Trend of Culture and Tourism Integration in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt
		WANG Xiu-wei
		The measurement and analysis of culture and tourism integration and the development trend is the starting point for promoting the high-quality development of culture and tourism integration in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt. The entropy method is used to comprehensively evaluate the development of culture and tourism industry in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt. The measurement and development trend of the culture and tourism integration in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt shows the following characteristics: The culture and tourism integration of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt generally shows a growing trend with twists and turns; the culture and tourism integration differs significantly across provinces and cities in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt; the integration level of culture and tourism in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt is generally consistent with the development of tourism; the integration of culture and tourism in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt is, on the whole, at a low level, the development of the cultural industry and tourism is not coordinated, and the integration of culture and tourism varies across provinces and cities in this region; the integration of culture and tourism in the Grand Canal Cultural Belt is highly homogeneous, and provinces and cities in this region need to enhance competitiveness with their own characteristics. In view of the practical problems such as the low level of culture and tourism integration, the significant difference in inter-provincial integration, and the weak coordination in culture and tourism industry, the Grand Canal Cultural Belt should allocate and manage production elements in culture and tourism industry with platform thinking, and integrate the value chain of culture and tourism industry through reorganization of production factors, so as to achieve integration of culture and tourism. At the same time, considering the integration level and development trend across this region, we need to rectify weakness and bridge differences, so as to realize stable development of culture and tourism integration in this region.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 60-69 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 570KB] ( 579 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	70	Background and the Roadmap for Construction of Advanced Manufacturing Clusters in Yangtze River Economic Belt
		LI Jin-hua
		The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an inland river economic belt with the largest scale of development and the widest influence in China. In the process of building a manufacturing power, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of advanced manufacturing clusters in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The Yangtze River Economic Belt, rich in resources and advanced in economic development, education, science and technology, manufacturing industry, and advanced manufacturing industry, provides a good foundation to support the construction of advanced manufacturing clusters. To promote the construction of advanced manufacturing clusters in the Yangtze River economic belt, first, we need to reinforce the top-level design, break administrative boundaries, and make overall plans for the construction of advanced manufacturing clusters. Second, we should rely on the advantages of advanced manufacturing industry, and formulate development plans according to local conditions. In the downstream areas, it is advisable to establish advanced manufacturing clusters which have computers and electronic equipment, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, integrated circuits and high-end equipment as core industries and are highly capital-intensive and technology-intensive. In the middle reaches, it is advisable to build advanced manufacturing clusters with new materials, advanced rail transit equipment, new energy vehicles, and CNC electromechanical equipment ass core industries. In the upstream area, it is advisable to establish advanced manufacturing clusters which have energy conservation, environmental protection, chemical industry with clean energy, mechatronics, clean energy equipment as its core industries and are relatively labor-intensive. Third, we need to be demand-based, conduct closer cooperation in technology, and promote well-aligned coordinated development.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 70-80 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 694KB] ( 535 )

	81	Macroeconomic Impacts of Entrepreneurship-Driven Policies under Different Monetary Policy Mechanism
		CHEN Li-feng
		This paper constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of various forms of employment, examining long-term and short-term macroeconomic effects of policy adjustment aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship in normal times and in an ultra-low interest rate context. The findings are as follows: (1) whether in normal times or in an ultra-low interest rate context, a single entrepreneurship-driven policy (i.e. reducing the cost of self-employment) is faced with the trade-off between long-term benefits and short-term costs; (2) in terms of long-term or short-term effects, the single policy adjustment aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship in normal times widens the income gap between formal sectors and informal sectors, but the single policy adjustment in an ultra-low interest rate context narrows the income gap between sectors; (3) there is no obvious short-term cost in the comprehensive adjustment of multiple policies aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship (including the reduction of the cost of self-employment and the policy adjustment to the formal sector), and the short-term impact of these policies is significantly greater than that of single policy adjustment when the economy is in normal times or in an ultra-low interest rate context; (4) the ultra-low interest rate environment has reduced the short-term macroeconomic impact of the government’s policy of encouraging entrepreneurship, whether it is a single policy adjustment or a comprehensive policy adjustment aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship. Therefore, in order to promote self-employment and reduce the short-term cost of policy adjustment, the government should not only reduce the cost of starting a business, but also adjust policy for formal sectors accordingly.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 81-90 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 845KB] ( 306 )

Political Science and Rule of Law

	91	What Is Legal Value
		ZHOU An-ping
		So far there is no consensus on what can be regarded as legal value and what cannot be regarded as legal value among Chinese jurists. The reason is that people have no consensus on the concept of legal value and conditions that must be met as legal value. Legal value is people’s view and attitude towards law, in which people are the subject while law is the object. The relationship between the subject and the object is that the former evaluates and demands the latter. Legal value must meet following conditions: it is ideal rather than realistic; it is abstract rather than concrete; it is of “legal” value; consensus can be reached on legal value; it does not have specification function. Among them, the first two are common conditions of value, while the last three are specific to legal value. Therefore, it can be inferred that legal value can only be justice, not anything else (including efficiency). As legal value, justice is the moral reason for people to abide by the law, the evaluation standard for the legitimacy of law, and the constraint on power. However, As legal value, efficiency cannot be proved in theory, and in practice may produce negative consequences such as reducing the law to be a tool of the strong, reinforcing the conception of valuing entities over procedures, and breeding judicial injustice. Therefore, efficiency should be returned to economy and justice to law.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 91-99 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 495KB] ( 426 )

	100	On Alienation and Rectification of Supporting Prosecution System in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation
		TANG Shao-jun, WANG Jia-qi
		From Article 15 of The Civil Procedure Law to Article 11 of The Interpretation of Several Questions Concerning the Application of Law in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation and the scattered provisions of relevant documents, it can be seen that the supporting prosecution system in environmental civil public interest litigation has only a legal basis of framework, and general principles. This has led to the alienation of the system in practice, such as from supporting multiple prosecutors to a single prosecutor, from “not sending people to appear in court” to “sending people to appear in court”, from “supporting prosecution” to “participating in litigation”, from “supporting prosecution” in the first trial to “supporting prosecution” in the second trial. In the context of the continuous promotion of environmental civil public interest litigation, it is urgent to construct principles by clarifying the principles of “social participation”, “realistic necessity” and “limited involvement”. It is also necessary to improve the rules in the supporting prosecution system in environmental civil public interest litigation through building an integrated “supporting litigation” system, strengthening the institutional guarantee to support the “diversification” and “aggregation” of prosecutors, improving the substantive and procedural provisions supporting the initiation of prosecution and clearly defining the ways to support prosecution.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 100-110 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 538KB] ( 559 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	111	Pressure-Based System,Distribution of Control Rights and Passive Administration of Neighborhood Committees
		HOU Li-wen
		There is a consensus among researchers on the passive administration of the neighborhood committee in a pressure-based system, but academics do not have sufficient analysis of the “pressured-based system” in terms of internal logic. This paper integrates the two analysis models of “pressure-based system” and “distribution of control rights”, and takes Yijie as an example to analyze the evolution and internal logic of the “passive administration” process of the neighborhood committee in traditional street-community system. The findings show that the street effectively weakens the autonomy of the neighborhood committee through the incentive system design under the incentive compatibility principle, the autonomous switch between the conventional mode and the mobilization mode, the financial office of the street managing the financial affairs of the neighborhood committee (including financial appropriation and venture philanthropy), as well as the selection and evaluation of community workers under the current selection and appointment system. All these measures and effective coordination presents the whole picture of the passive administration of the neighborhood committee. The neighborhood committee faces pressure from the street office, and extension of vertical functional departments. Besides, the financial affairs of the neighborhood committee are subject to the management of the street financial office, and the system of “the combination of selection and employment” gradually erodes its structure. All these changes make passive administration of the neighborhood committee an inevitable result.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 111-120 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 555KB] ( 528 )

	121	Inheritance Accumulation：on the Integration of New-generation Migrant Workers into Urban Society through Property Purchase
		SUN Wen-zhong
		Urging migrant workers to buy houses in the city is an important way to accelerate the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population, and the house purchase behavior of the new-generation migrant workers is influenced by the accumulation of their family wealth in their early years. Taking life experience approach, this paper studies the house purchase behavior of the new-generation migrant workers in S village and finds that the new-generation migrant workers solve their housing problems mainly in three ways: purchasing houses in the city after working a few years in the city, purchasing houses back in their home town, and building houses in the country. The differentiation of the new-generation migrant workers’ integration into the city through house purchase is due to the difference of their inherence accumulation. On the one hand, the disparity of their parental family, the wealth accumulation in their early days, occupational difference of the new-generation migrant workers, difference in wealth inheritance, and the impact of major events in their life have a lasting effect on the new-generation migrant workers’ integration ability through house purchase. On the other hand, the advantages accumulated in the early years are strengthened in the integration process, while unfortunate events affect their integration through house purchase. Under the mechanism of inheritance accumulation, the new-generation migrant workers construct the upward mobility model, the transitional mobility model and the rural-urban mobility model. To promote the new-type urbanization strategy and rural revitalization, it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically improve the urbanization capacity of the new-generation migrant workers, to guide them to face up to the differences in current social integration, and to provide differentiated support based on different integration modes.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 121-130 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 612KB] ( 348 )

Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

	131	The Criticism on QIN Guan’s Ci-poems in the Period of the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China
		HU Jian-ci
		In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the criticism on QIN Guan’s Ci-poems is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, is the criticism on main body of creation. Ci-poetry theorists mainly comment on their artistic ability from two aspects of Ci-poetry heart and Ci-poetry talent, and discuss the origin of their Ci-poems from two aspects: Wen-Wei, the distant ancestor, and Ou-Liu, the near successor. The second is the criticism on creative characteristics. Ci-poetry theorists mainly discuss their creative skills from three aspects: the combination of poetic charm, the tempering of words and sentences, and the creation and construction of artistic conception. They also discuss their artistic styles from the aspects of melancholy, clearness, moderation, elegance and depression. The third, is the criticism on position of Ci-poetry history. Ci-poetry theorists mainly comment on the position of literature history from two aspects: Ci-poetry writer comparison and historical evolution. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the comment on QIN Guan’s Ci-poems was carried forward in the direction of exploring the source, tracing the flow and pursuing the new change. Its perspective was rich and varied, and its foothold mostly showed the more normal characteristics, which provided a solid platform for better understanding its works.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 131-139 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 610KB] ( 473 )

	140	Action Logic behind Fangirls’ Evolution and Their Pursuit of “Common Meaning”
		CHEN Li-qin
		“Common meaning” is not only the expression of “common wishes” and “common aspiration”, but also the communication and coordination process of “joint efforts” and “joint cooperation” based on mutual trust, enthusiasm and willingness. Fangirls have evolved from “a brain disabled group” to “girls who idolize China”, and then to “commonweal girls”. In this series of action, fangirls have rebranded themselves. This is a process in which they search “common meaning” in common action, and also realized the construction of “common meaning” in specific actions.The change of fangirls’ action logic and their pursuit of “common meaning” is the result of various dynamics, including the change in the state’s mandatory and instructional institutions, the guidance of “positive energy” on the network platform, and also the fangirls’ need to be guided by “common meaning” and realize their own values. The pursuit of “common meaning”, so to speak, allows fans of different backgrounds, identities, and ages to trust, understand and support one another with an open mind, which not only proves young people’s self-organization ability, but also promotes the converging of different people in social governance, and provides a new way and vision for the innovation in social governance.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 140-150 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 736KB] ( 1075 )

	151	Historical Sources and Cultural Mechanism of the Name Taboo in China
		BIAN Ren-hai
		Taboo is common in all ethnic groups, but Chinese name taboo is unique due to its historical origin and social and cultural connotation. It is infiltrated with patriarchal politics and ethics-centered culture, and also fundamentally influenced by national comprehensive thinking culture, which makes the name taboo in China present a unique cultural mechanism. The instinct of avoiding evil and seeking good fortune and the witchcraft thinking of avoiding human names resulted in the name taboo in China. Moreover, the macroscopic way of thinking based on agricultural civilization, the culture pattern based on human relations, and the political structure of traditional Chinese society characterized by highly patriarchal clans and highly developed monarchy lead to the alienation of the attributive of human names (ethical, authoritative and instrumental), which makes the name taboo not only a way of human existence, but also a part of superstructure. The cultural psychology has inertia effect. The name taboo psychology has become a part of folk culture as thousands of years of practice has turned habits into custom. Unlike Westerners who address each other by first names regardless of age or social status, even today Chinese people do not address elders, superiors or officials by first names, and calling them by their names is considered disrespectful. The name taboo has internalized into a national psychological model in China.
		2020 Vol. 37 (3): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 621KB] ( 537 )

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