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	2019 Vol.36 Issue.3 Published 2019-05-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit Political Science and Rule of Law

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	5	On the Cultural Pragmatic Path to Global Leadership Force Construction:Instantiated by XI Jin-ping’s Addresses
		HE Gang
		Global leadership（GL） competition is an explicit form of games between superpowers in the international arena. The gross national power is definitely an important basis, but more important is the pragmatic competence in international interactions. The construction and discharge of global leading forces is a problem of language use (utterance, speech act, pragmatic strategy), and can be examined in the following ways: a) the cultural pragmatic nature of GL; b) the cultural context of GL utterances and cultural contextualization; c) aspects of cultural pragmatic information detected and interpreted from President XI Jin-ping’s internationally well-received addresses; and d) changes in cultural context of GL utterances caused by globalization processes and their impact upon modes of cultural pragmatic interpretations. The present study finds that the process of GL force construction and discharge is a cultural pragmatic process during which the speaker actively employs a variety of cultural features, and witnesses the revitalization of such cultural elements, and their transcendence. The globalizing cultural contexts, and abundantly culture-loaded global leadership utterances provide inspirations to reshaping of contemporary cultural pragmatics.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 5-11 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 656KB] ( 766 )

	16	Emotion for Pragmatism: Fear-driven mechanism in Trump’s Political Persuasion
		MAO Yan-sheng
		As the core element of classical rhetoric, emotion plays a decisive role in constructing persuasion of political discourse. With the increasing popularity of public discourse studies in recent years, focus is of increasing significance on specific emotional elements and its political orientation and relevance, along which a specific study cannot be ignored that integrates the interfaces of politics, discourse and culture. Taking a cultural pragmatics perspective, with the political undertakings of American President Trump as a case, how the concrete emotional elements are manipulated for the construction and dissemination of political information is analyzed and discussed in the context of historical, cultural and political public discourses, which finally contributes to a valid construction of political leaders’ leadership as a typical case. It is found that Trump’s output of public discourse refers to macro-(state), meso-(family) and micro- (individual) levels with the help of “FEAR” of American cultural system, which is conducive for an active construction of a fear-driven public discourse output mode while obtaining cultural identification and political empathy from ordinary American civilians. These findings are of a certain values for understanding the cultural attributes and political nature of contemporary political leaders’ discourse in public space. At the same time, it also suggests that the construction and improvement of political leadership need to transform from “stock” to “increment”, during which the cultural attributes of public discourse and the characteristics of cultural self-transcendence cannot afford to be ignored.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 16-24 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 687KB] ( 520 )

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	25	Conduction Model and Effect of Regional Economic and Trade Cooperation on Marine Strategic Resources Security under the Belt and Road Initiative
		CHEN Xiu-lian
		The system of regional Land-Sea economic and trade cooperation which interact through the constituent elements can transfer policy content and affect marine strategic resources effectively.It plays important role by depending on economic and trade cooperation and development policies of countries in the region, according to certain conduction procedures and rules.The classic cases are the disputes and cooperation of Malaysia-Thailand, Malaysia-Vietnam in the Thailand Gulf in ASEAN ,United States-Canada and United States-Mexico in NAFTA ,Kuwait-Saudi Arabia’s Neutral Zone etc.With the cases mentioned above, the paper points out that China should pay more attention to the revenue and development of marine strategic resources security, develop on Land-Sea economic and trade cooperation between the disputed countries, strengthen international marine cooperation, cooperate and develop by various forms etc.in the construction of the “The Belt and Road”.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 25-36 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 649KB] ( 540 )

	37	Inclusive: China’s Soft Law Program and Promotion Path for Global Governance under the Belt and Road Initiative
		BI Ying
		The Belt and Road Initiative has provided a significant platform for China to contribute to the construction of an international discourse that reflects the common values of the world. Therein, the international soft law can provide a gradual yet feasible path for the development of global governance under the Belt and Road Initiative. With the soft law, the new element of “inclusive” in the field of international economic law may develop into an important new principle of future international economic cooperation. It is observed that about 41% (35/85) of the official documents of the Belt and Road Initiative have referred to “inclusive”, with a frequency of up to 68 times. Theoretically, “inclusive” has three core elements: subject diversity, process interaction and results sharing. In the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, a double-layer macro and micro propulsion path is suggested to make “inclusive” a soft principle “without legal binding yet with practical effect” rather than a mere concept in documents to gradually meet the requirements of “state practice (material factors)”and“opinio juris(psychological factors)”, and eventually to be upgraded to be the principle of international customary law with rigid force and contribute to the development of international rule of law.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 37-45 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 651KB] ( 427 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	46	Creative Economy, the Economic Engine for Comprehensive Development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 5G Era
		JIN Yuan-pu
		The establishment and construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a major strategic decision made by the Party Central Committee with XI Jin-ping as its center since the 19th National Congress. Creative economy, the engine for the comprehensive development of the Greater Bay Area, is a reasonable and feasible strategic choice for the Greater Bay Area in the 5G era. Based on creative economy, the Greater Bay Area integrates digital economy, artificial intelligence economy, flow economy, sharing economy, cultural economy and ecological economy, and builds a high-end form of cultural-science-based international development. It will become an innovative and exploratory economic form across borders, regions and various economic systems, and an important practice for the in-depth cooperation and innovation of economic, scientific and cultural innovation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao. The economic development, with creative economy as its engine, should build a new aircraft carrier development model of cultural and creative economy, encourage and support the development of the unicorn model of creative enterprises and individual makers.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 46-53 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 500KB] ( 561 )

	54	Suitable for Habitation, Employment, Entrepreneurship, and Tourism: an International Perspective on Development of Cultural Industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
		YI Na
		In the recently released Outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Development Plan, the Party Central Committee and the State Council propose the overall goal of establishing a “world-class Bay Area suitable for habitation, employment, entrepreneurship, and tourism”. Based on the development of cultural industry, the New York Bay Area launches a 10-year “create a new New York” plan to attract cultural and creative talents to live and stay there, making exploration in building a livable international city. The San Francisco Bay Area actively creates long-term symbiosis between cities and start-ups. As a result, it becomes a magnet for millionaires and an incubator for listed companies, and thus an international great bay area suitable for employment and entrepreneurship comes into being. Japan’s Tokyo Bay, well-known for its advanced animation industry and religious tourism, makes Tokyo a fascinating tourist attraction and is constantly ranked the most desirable international city in the world. Absorbing the rich experience of these international bay areas, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should establish an economic system and development model with innovation as its core, define the subjects of creativity and entrepreneurship in the new era, divide urban functional areas, and make full use of advantages of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to create a world-class bay area with Chinese characteristics suitable for habitation, employment, entrepreneurship, and tourism.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 54-61 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 546KB] ( 588 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	62	Trade Protectionism and International Economic Order
		HUANG He
		The multilateral trading system originated in the United Kingdom in the late 17th century. After the end of the Second World War, the US and British governments proposed the GATT as an international public good provided by American hegemony. The GATT is fundamentally a set of international economic and trade systems and principles designed for market economy countries, reflecting the will and interests of the most powerful members. In 21 century, with the rise of emerging economies represented by China, the intensification of trade protectionism and the growing trend of anti-globalization have led to the reconstruction of the international economic order. The rising status of emerging economies represented by China in global economy has become a turning point and catalyst for changes in the structure of global economic governance. China’s participation in the construction of international economic order is diversified, including participation in the reform of traditional international mechanisms, and attempts to guide cooperation with innovation and collaboration modes. At the same time, from a longer-term perspective, China should provide public goods to meet various challenges.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 62-70 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 524KB] ( 433 )

	71	Innovation Characteristics, Influencing Factors and Future Trends of New Financial Enterprises
		PENG Xu-shu
		The application and spread of new-generation information and communication technology innovation represented by the Internet in financial field has prompted the fission of financial industry and spawned new technology-driven financial activities and new financial models, namely, new finance. New financial enterprises have distinctive innovation characteristics of the time. Compared with traditional financial enterprises or average small and medium-sized enterprises, new financial enterprises pay more attention to innovation investment, and more of them set up innovation research and development institutions. However, most enterprises focus on business model innovation, and open innovation and innovation collaboration are mainly limited to the leaders in the industry. As a result, the overall innovation ability in financial industry is relatively weak, and the level of innovation output is not high. Financial regulation and regulatory policies, the innovation development of digital economy and the application of financial technology will be the major factors affecting the development of new finance. Looking into the future, we anticipate that technology innovation will speed up the specialization of new finance and bring about more diverse business models. The innovation of financial technology and financial application scenarios will be an important support for the development of new finance. The development of new finance will change the competitive ecology of the financial industry and the economic paradigm of financial technology. New finance and traditional finance will be further integrated and advance together.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 71-79 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 566KB] ( 831 )

Political Science and Rule of Law

	80	Truth and Choice of Double Error Theory in Criminal Law
		Lothar Cullen
		There are flaws with the double error theory in the theory of criminal law as there are real errors and false errors. The real double errors includes double errors in crime constituent elements and double errors in affirmative defense. What appear together with the double errors of crime constituent elements are pure constituent errors and negative prohibition errors, or negative constituent errors and pure prohibition errors. What appear together with double errors related to affirmative defense are pure permission constituent errors and negative constituent errors, or negative permission constituent errors and pure prohibition errors, or two opposite evaluation errors, or two negative errors concerning the facts in affirmative defense. What happen together with false double errors are permission constituent errors and permission errors, which should not be called double errors. Real double errors refer only to simultaneous, negative, and important false imagination when watched independently.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 80-85 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 396KB] ( 499 )

	86	Judicial Immunity and Parliamentary Violence: from the Perspective of Law and Economics
		CAI Yi-ming
		Since the beginning of this century, parliamentary violence has frequently occurred in some countries and regions around the world. From the perspective of law and economics, this paper provides a theoretical explanation to this phenomenon: as the constitutions of most countries contain provisions on parliamentary independence and judicial immunity of parliamentarians, violent strategies have become a low-cost legal choice for parliamentarians to resolve conflicts. The parliamentary violence data from 2000 to 2017 of 27 countries(regions) and the negative binomial regression analysis support the hypothesis that “judicial immunity leads to more parliamentary violence”. One of the major functions of the institution is to reduce the transaction cost in the uncertain world. Therefore, the general implication of the “judicial immunity hypothesis” is that if an efficient institution is cancelled in the form of immunity, the transaction cost of the entire country (region) will increase. The solution is either to eliminate the immunity institution or to adopt a new institution to make up for the institutional deficiency caused by immunity.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 86-96 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 572KB] ( 425 )

	97	The Practice of Democracy in Modern China from the Perspective of Rule of Law:Stage,Approach and Attribution
		LIAO Wan-chun, MA Zuo-wu
		In the process of social transformation in modern China, democratic practice has gone through three different stages: the movement of constitutional political improvement at the end of Qing Dynasty, the evolution of military and political division between North and South in the early Republic of China, the military rule and political tutelage by the Kuomintang. The ruling authorities, ideological elites and political power figures have actively led the rule of law operation in promoting democratic practice, putting forward the following proposals: constitutional monarchy, rebuilding new citizens, constitution-making by-person, the Three People’s Principles and Democratic Governance. The five approaches try to find a way of modern democratic politics based on the implementation of constitutionalism, but they all end in failure. Although the failure of these democratic practices was related to the political, economic and cultural development stage of Chinese society at that time, as well as the intertwined situation of civil strife and foreign invasion, the fundamental reason from the perspective of the rule of law was that in the construction of the national political system, it violated the basic law of democratic political development, departed from the constitutional choice of national conditions and public opinion, and resulted in the improper use of constitutional functions. This shows that the rule of law is the stabilizer of democratic operation and development. It is the guarantee of stable and healthy operation of democracy to give full play to the function of the legal system of good law and good governance centered on the Constitution.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 97-106 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 573KB] ( 656 )

Urban and Rural Construction and Social Governance

	107	Transaction, Transaction Characteristics and the Reform on Corporate Governance Structure of Public Institutions: A Case Study of Shenzhen
		WU Hai-yan, ZHAO Yang
		The key to the reform on the corporate governance structure of public institutions lies in the administrative departments of public institutions transferring business decision-making right of public institutions to the board of directors, which involves the transfer of business decision-making rights. Therefore, the establishment of the corporate governance structure of public institutions is essentially a process of rights transfer, which can be regarded as a transaction between the government and the public. The analysis of the transaction characteristics shows that due to the strong specificity of the assets in the transaction accorded by complete business decision-making right and under the influence of the high transaction cost of insider control caused by opportunistic behavior within public institutions, the operational decision-making right is divided into business decision-making right, budget decision-making right and personnel decision-making right in practice. At present, what the government hands over to the board of directors is only the business decision-making right rather than the complete operational decision-making right. Only when the transaction cost is reduced can the operational decision-making right be truly transferred.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 107-115 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 486KB] ( 425 )

	116	Targeted Poverty Alleviation: The Emotional Logic of Contemporary Chinese National Governance
		CHENG Jun
		Since the 18th National Congress, the modernization level of China’s national governance system and governance capacity has been significantly improved, including not only the modernization of institution and technology, but also the modernization in emotional dimension. China is an “emotion-oriented” society, and emotional governance should be an important paradigm of state governance. However, emotional governance tends to be neglected in China’s current governance practices. It is urgent to give weight to emotional governance to overcome the disadvantages of technical governance and institutional governance. Taking targeted poverty alleviation as an example, this paper explores the emotional logic implicit in the national governance system and finds that the emotional governance of the state is based on the bottom-up emotional expression of the rural poor groups, and that through focus on the policy target groups and policy implementation the state provides emotional comfort to the poor in a top-down way. The review and analysis of the emotional dimension in targeted poverty alleviation indicate that more attention should be paid to the emotional governance in current and future national governance practice.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 116-124 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 542KB] ( 736 )

	125	On the Possibility of Trans-boundary Governance: Focus Events, Attention Distribution and Unconventional Implementation
		CHEN Xiao-yun
		Due to constraints in institution, system and mechanism, it is a normal state of governance for the government to work single-handedly. However, the emergence of public issues across administrative boundaries requires cross-domain governance. Then how to make the transition from single-handed efforts to cross-domain governance? An empirical analysis of the cross-domain air pollution control in Beijing shows that the air quality in Beijing fluctuates, which means that the control effect varies at different point of time as focal events trigger cross-domain control. Focal events, especially those with political implications, lead to high-level mobilization, incentive adjustment and political intervention, thus affecting the attention distribution of policy actors, triggering unconventional implementation and leading to cross-domain control. This analysis theoretically introduces the attention allocation research from agenda setting and policy decision-making into policy implementation, providing a new analytical perspective for discussing the occurence of cross-domain governance. In practice, the normalization of cross-domain governance requires optimization of the institution design so as to achieve sustainable and stable governance.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 125-133 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 769KB] ( 352 )

Social Sciences and Chinese Spirit

	134	*Extensive Influence of Jiali* : Publication of Jiali Documentation in East Asian Countries**
		PENG Wei-min
		“Family rituals (jiali, 家礼)” refer to the four major rites, namely capping rites (guanli, 冠礼), nuptial rites (hunli, 婚礼), funeral rites (zangli,葬礼) and ancestral offerings (jili, 祭礼).ZHU Xi, a great Neo-Confucian philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, compiled Family Rituals on the basis of Rites of Zhou (zhouli,周礼), Rituals（yili,仪礼）and rituals observed by common people in Tang and Song Dynasties. Family Rituals was a manual for the private performance of the standard Chinese family rituals in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, it spread eastward along with other theories and doctrines of ZHU Xi, and was widely accepted by Korea (Joseon Dynasty), Japan (Edo Age of Japan),Vietnam (the Post Li Dynasty/ Nguyen Dynasty) and other neighboring countries. The so called Jiali documentation are the revised versions of Jiali in those countries and dynasties (such as a Japanese version revised by Asami Keisai) , Juja garye（Korean version of the ZHU Xi’s jiali）and a revised Vietnamese version (Shoumei Jiali, 寿梅家礼). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the publication and influence of Jiali in East Asia reflects the spread of ZHU Xi’s ritual system and Confucian orthodoxy of late kings represented by ZHU Xi’s Jiali to neighboring countries in East Asia, and also highlights a dynamic historical process when the neighboring countries constructed their own ritual system under the influence of Confucian civilization.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 134-144 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 751KB] ( 441 )

	145	Criticism and Aberration of Western Consumer Society Theory: Comparison of Lefebvre and Baudrillard
		WU Qiong
		Lefebvre and Baudrillard were both important representatives of the famous critical theory of consumer society in France in the 20th century, but there are significant difference between them. In the first half of the 20th century, Lefebvre actively thought about the consumption problem when large-scale mechanized commodity production of Ford model was widespread in society, and identified the “bureaucrat society where consumption is controlled” as the new dominant characteristic of contemporary capitalism. Baudrillard shifted his attention from alienation of daily consumption to “critique of semiotic political economics”, and eventually gave up Lefebvre’s critical analysis logic of consumer society, and embraced the critical theory of post-Marxism, which is a clean break with Marxism. The comparison of Lefebvre’s and Baudrillard’s theory of consumer society provides us a mirror to examine how people’s attitude toward Marxism in the West changed from adherence to deviation.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 145-152 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 503KB] ( 652 )

	153	Research on the Evolution and Development of the Artistic Language of Chinese Engravings in the 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up
		ZHOU Ju
		The external environment changes brought about by the reform and opening up have directly affected the survival and development context of Chinese engravings. Over the past 40 years, the engravings have not only made great breakthrough in style and presentation, but also represented the fission and transition of this ancient Chinese painting and its artistic spirit. Chinese engravings have experienced four stages of development: from the promotion of aesthetic value to the return to its independent language, from separation from traditional models to establishment of modern expression, from advancement of conceptual thinking to formation of contemporary vocabulary, and from integration into international context to exploration of national spirit. In this process, Chinese engravings reveal unique values and charms with new graphic features and diverse artistic languages. The artistic creation of this period is rich and colorful on the whole, but varied greatly in individual styles. It has become a typical example in the history of fine arts to study cultural changes from the perspective of art or language transformation from the perspective of culture.
		2019 Vol. 36 (3): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 547KB] ( 661 )

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