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Quick Search     Advanced Search   2015 Vol.32 Issue.1 Published 2015-01-15 5 Contemporary Pioneer of the Second Enlightenment: In Memory of Professor Tang Yijie Fan Meiyun Wang Zhihe The second Enlightenment is a reflection on and an immanent transcendence of the first Enlightenment. As a contemporary pioneer of the second Enlightenment, Professor Tang Yijie firmly resists the nihilist gesture of the first Enlightenment toward tradition. In Professor Tang eyes, tradition is the spirit of a nation; as the root of a nation, tradition binds people together and gives people a sense of belonging. Yet, while greatly appreciating traditional Chinese culture and enthusiastically devoting himself to its revival, Professor Tang nevertheless rejects the outlook that Chinese culture can provide solutions to all the problems the world faces-he is always alert to various forms of Asia-centrism, Sino-centrism and radical nationalism. With open-mindedness and broad global view, Professor Tang always sees the development of Chinese Culture as a strand of the history of the whole human civilization. His deep concern is not only with Chinese culture, but also with the whole human civilization. This explains his persevering participation in cross-civilization and inter-culture dialogues and his appreciation of the process philosophy and constructive post-modernism. Along with other thinkers of the second Enlightenment, Professor Tang seeks to achieve the dynamic harmony between Chinese and Western cultures where both cultures are mutually supportive and appreciative. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 5-10 [Abstract] ( 71 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 589KB] ( 414 ) 11 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 11-11 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 581KB] ( 312 ) 12 Development of the Idea of Human Body in the History of Chinese Thought Gong Huanan Individual body is first conceptualized; it is then lifted to the status of "gu," and finally viewed from the vantage point of 'li.” In this process, body is treated as a universal, and never as a particular. Every individual body is different from others. Yet body as a class exists as a class; body as gu exists as gu; body as li exists as li. The unity of mind and body implies that on the one hand body transforms into a thinking thing, on the other hand thinking unfolds through body. This is the underlying ground and basic characteristic of the idea of human body in the history of Chinese thought. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 12-17 [Abstract] ( 59 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 581KB] ( 367 ) 24 Towards Life Therapy——A Dynamic Study on the Development of Contemporary Western Philosophy Feng Heguo The original meaning of philosophy lies in the way of thinking and practicing which aim at happy life. As modern society increasingly changes into "therapeutic" society, contemporary Western philosophy is also turning towards life therapy. The change of interest of modern Western philosophy from the philosophical world tolife world is the academic background of this turn; the deteriorating "disease" of the body and mind of the modern society is the fundamental driving force of this turn; the postmodern philosophy's respect for life and attention to body is the theoretical fulcrum; the confluence of Chinese and Western philosophy is the ultimate purpose of this turn. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 24-29 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 498KB] ( 405 ) 30 Three Dimensions of Mencius's Philosophy: Its Shaping Force for Confucianism Ding WeiXiang As the founding father of the Confucian learning of xinxing, Mencius opened the horizon of meaning of life for the whole Confucian tradition. Yet scholars tend to disagree about the role Mencius's thought played in shaping the path of Cunfucianism: Zhaoqi from the Eastern Han dynasty put forth a model of evaluation based on a linear thinking and natural attitude; by invoking the Buddhist idea of Prajna, the Song Confucians formulated an interpretive model which unifies the moral and the natural, the physical and the metaphysical, substance and function; contemporary new Confucianist thinkers draw together traditional Confucian experience and Western philosophical theories to construct an interpretive model of "sageliness within and kingliness without. " Each of these models aims to understand how Mencius's world was created. Yet each understanding reflects the common sense of its specific historical situation and its background knowledge. In order to have a better understanding of Mencius's world, we will try to lay bare the underlying ground of the care of human Dasein and the mode of human thinking. We will also take into consideration Mencius's way of cognition. We will then examine the contemporary relevance of Mencius's philosophy in an attempt to pinpoint its threedimensional characteristic and its significance for Confucianism. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 599KB] ( 459 ) 40 On Zheng Xuan's View of Animals and Its Ecological Significance Shan Changtao Qiao Qingju As one of the outstanding thinkers of the early Confucian hermeneutics, Zheng Xuan made a close study of the names and characteristics of various kinds of animal and insect, and thus developed and deepened the meaning of Mencius's idea of ren. Zheng Xuan's thought represents an ecological view of animals which is governed by the principle of "ren, or love for human being and things." This principle, which reflects the ecological significance of ren, includes animals in the moral community. Zheng Xuan's thought, which enriches the Confucian idea of "shengsheng," needs to be studied more closely. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 40-47 [Abstract] ( 67 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 648KB] ( 554 ) 48 The Distinction between the Strands of the Later and Decadent Stage of Confucianism in Yang Shi's Neo-Confucianism and Its Cultural Implications Bao Jiadao Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty attached great importance to Confucian orthodoxy. Yang Shi unswervingly adhered to the teachings of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi since he became one of the disciples of the former at the age of twenty-nine. Within the domain of Neo-Confucianism, Yang further drew distinctions between different strands of Confucianism since early the Qin Dynasty, namely the idea of Zhungzi, the rhetoric of Neo-Confucianism, and the learning of zhangju. In conclusion, these distinctions conform with both Yang's own interpretation of Neo-Confucianism and the notion maintained by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and their other disciples; and resonate with the tendency of Neo-Confucianism's appreciation of the Confucian orthodoxy of Confucius and Mencius, and disapproval of that in the Han and Tang Dynasties. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 48-54 [Abstract] ( 69 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 376 ) 55 Multiple Realization and Ontology of Causal Powers Li Yan It is commonly acknowledged that the multiple realization is a crucial argument for nonreductive physicalism in contemporary philosophy of mind. The investigations of its theoretical implications inevitably probe into the ontology of property, especially its underpinning mechanism of causal powers. After the preliminary analyses of Fodor and Kim's appreciation of multiple realization, this paper tries to give a proper explication of the concept of realization. At last, by virtue of the assessment of Shoemaker's subset view of realization, I try to show a huge tension rooted in the causal powers mechanism of realization. This leads to the conclusion that realization just states the mind-body problem-it is not a solution to it. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 55-59 [Abstract] ( 64 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 411KB] ( 423 ) 60 The Study of Guo Xiang's Thought in the Past Thirty Years and Its Future Development Luo Cai Evolved from the scriptural studies of the Western and Eastern Han, xuanxue (the Metaphysical School) of the Wei-Jin period paved the way for the Buddhism of the Sui and Tang, and the School of Principle of the Song and Ming. As one of the most important schools in Chinese intellectual tradition, Wei-Jin xuanxue exerts a profound influence on the development of Chinese Culture. Guo Xiang's xuanxue, which marks the peak of Wei-Jin xuanxue, is undoubtedly of great significance. The past three decades saw numerous in-depth studies of Guo Xiang's thought. Some are systematic studies of its content, others investigations of multi-dimension or multi-perspective. Some Guo Xiang scholars have mainly focused on the Guo's Comentray on the Zhuangzi and its relationship to The Zhuangzi itself, others attempt to probe his philosophical method, his ideas of duhua, xuanming, ziran, mingjiao; still others have elaborated different models of the structuring of Guo's system, trying to pinpoint the school Guo belongs to. Under this circumstance, the study of Guo Xiang should be more devoted to the history of Wei-Jin xuanxue, philosophical methodology and its contemporary relevance. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 60-72 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 640KB] ( 439 ) 73 Laozi's Political Philosophy and Contemporary Political Practice Xiao Wubei To summarize Laozi's political thought as a kind of art of imperial governance is a na?ve oversimplification and has been criticized by numerous scholars. In fact, Laozi's political philosophy has "the way of heaven (tiandao)" as its highest principle, which revolves around the concepts of "ziran" and "wuwei" . To Laozi, the meaning of ziran contains two levels: that of the "original ziran" and that of the "self-conscious ziran" . The former reflects a respect for the nature of things, while the latter emphasizes human subjectivity and agency. Human freedom is doubtless limited; absolute freedom is nonexistent and unattainable. Wuwei means precisely the normalization of ziran, an imposition of restriction on free will and administrative power. Ideal governance may be attained by the governor's use of wuwei, which indeed promotes ziran among the governed. Laozi's political philosophy of ziran and wuwei deeply influenced contemporary political practice and was widely used and admired by many politicians of the time. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 73-78 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 491KB] ( 643 ) 79 Selective Administrative Intervention: a tentative interpretation of rural governance after tax reform LIU Ning, HUANG Huixiang After agricultural tax reform, the development of rural economy, rural self-governance, and the enhancement of rural public services all require theoretical breakthrough in the general administration of townships and villages. However, in practice township governments face numerous problems such as lack of real management, service disengagement, oversight negligence, etc., causing unbridgeable discrepancy between rural residents'expectations and the image of ineffective governments. Generally speaking, selective governmental intervention poses the single largest obstacle to smooth rural administration. While selective governance was caused by the profit drive as well as fiscal policy limitations, its root cause is ineffective villager participation in decision making and mismanagement of rural administration. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 79-84 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 452KB] ( 363 ) 85 New Generation Migrant Labor-Management Conflicts: an evolutionary economics perspective LI Yan, CAO Fang As China's economy transitions to a new structure and as the options open to migrant laborers widened, conflicts between the new generation migrant workers from rural areas and the management has intensified into a new stage. Labor-Capital conflicts manifest themselves in different ways. While sometimes the workers still show respect to conventions and traditions, they also resort to redress through existing conflict resolution mechanisms instituted by the government as well as through other extra-legal routes, such as collective action and voting with their feet. This multiple-outcome response intensifies the instability and unpredictability of today's labor-capital conflict. Whereas the mutation in response is the work of many factors, heightened satisfaction needs are the core driving force. Once the change in labor relations has been made, it tends to be irreversible in relation to the pre-incident initial state. The governments and the management must transform the old profit distribution pattern in order to attain an advantageous institutional arrangement. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 85-93 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 780KB] ( 518 ) 94 Some Considerations on Problems Facing SEZ Development Model LUO Qinghe, ZENG Jing Special Economic Zones as the spearheads of China's economic and social development has become clear manifestations of a viable SEZ growth model, a powerful testament to development with Chinese characteristics. Compared to other regional models for development, the SEZ model has much wider applicability and can more quickly develop into a Growth Pole and better achieve the gradient transfer effect. It can also more quickly effectuate concentration of companies of the same industry. Growth Pole, Center-Periphery, and the " gradient transfer" theories constitute the theoretical basis for the SEZ modal. The SEZs are still facing various challenges and the SEZ model requires continuous improvement and development. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 94-99 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 457KB] ( 468 ) 100 Discovery and Redemption of Empty-Shell Women: A Reading of Kakuta Mitsuyo's Novels-Centering on her Bestseller The Eighth Day Cicada Tong Xiaowei Kakuta Mitstuyo is one of the most important contemporary Japanese woman writers. (She was awarded Naoki Award for literature in 2005.) Kakuta Mitsuyo has portrayed a type of characters which she refers to as the "empty-shell." Without career, these people have no definite goals in their lives; they flatly reject the prevalent values; yet they lack the sense of being and identity. Kakuta discovered these people and attempts to uncover the veils of their harmonious families and society in order to reveal their real lives which are fraught with tensions and conflicts. The contemporary model of social operation is thus brought to question. Her best-seller The Eighth Day Cicada is undeniably pleasing. Yet her concern is still with giving the empty-shell women warmth and the hope of salvation. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 100-106 [Abstract] ( 68 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 558KB] ( 409 ) 107 Suffering, Salvation: the Biblical Motif in Beloved Shi Min Beloved is the masterpiece of Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison. Most of the critics of Beloved are concerned with race, gender and culture at home or abroad, but this paper focuses on the Biblical motif.?The Holy Bible is a canonical collection of texts sacred in Judaism and Christianity, and is one of the important sources of western culture and Morrison's works. This paper analyzes the Biblical motif in Beloved from the following aspects: the setting, the development of the main plot and the love theme, in order to supply a thorough explanation of the novel's feature. In addition, this paper is a good supplemental study for the novel Beloved. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 107-112 [Abstract] ( 55 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 527KB] ( 333 ) 113 Investigation of the Disorder of Cultural Ecological Environment and the Deviation from Human Spirit Fu Shouxiang The one-dimensional developism based on the mode of linear thinking does more harm than good to human society. The pursuit for modernization and acceleration of globalization destroys the plurality of world culture. The bitter historical experience makes China go to extremes in its pursuit for development without giving much thought to the danger of impoverishing its own traditional culture. This caused Chinese cultural ecological environment to deteriorate. As a result, its internal cultural quality and spiritual power fall drastically. Culture is the foundation for the rise of a nation. The renaissance of a nation in the process of modernization can not happen without the support of the revival of the whole national culture and without sustenance of cultural energy. As China strengthens its reformation, we should try to adjust the symbiotic relationship between economy, politics, society and culture by way of institutional practice and scientific development. We should also greatly improve the system and function of our governance. We must take the historical responsibility and try our best to unleash our cultural vitality and creativity and guard the cultural justice against all possible violations. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 113-119 [Abstract] ( 78 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 362 ) 120 On Ji Kang爷s Ideas of Health Xiao Jianping Ji Kang is one of the most important metaphysicians of the Wei-Jin period. His thought about keeping good health is reflected in the following three aspects: first, in keeping with the idea of nature inherited from Laozi and Zhuangzi, Ji Kang holds that one should maintain puzhen and xujing and try to expand the inner emptiness of mind, and that one should always be contented and consciously resist the temptation of external fame and fortune; second, he believes that there are reasonable desires and demands in human life. Based on this belief, he argues, in line with the idea of "life and life management," that people should cherish, preserve life and seek spiritual transcendence and freedom; finally, he points out that as a natural being governed by the law of metabolism, one should not attempt to live an eternal life. However, one can expect longevity through external exercise which aims at achieving the harmony between heaven and earth; one can also expect to be transcendent and free spiritually. These ideas are of great significance for the modern man who is caught in spiritual crisis. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 120-124 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 486KB] ( 386 ) 125 Review of the Field: China's history of journalism and communications since 2006 HUANG Chunping, JIAN Yun Since the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan starting in 2006, a very considerable amount of research output has emerged in the form of general history, special topic history and period history. Journalism and communications histories that cover the minorities, Yuan and Qing dynasties, the early Republican era, the post-1949 times, and specific regions have been compiled. Journalism-related legal history, ideas, and academic work, tabloid publications and party papers history have all received attention, along with pre-modern gazettes, modern newspapers, notable journalists and party papers theories. The field of non-China history of journalism and communications shows relatively weaker scholarly investigation. Output in that consists largely of textbooks and translations. Most of these new products deal with modern and near-modern China and are largely results of collective teamwork. New variations and developments can be seen in research subjects, perspectives, and methodologies. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 125-134 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 566KB] ( 613 ) 135 Engaging Network Security from the perspective of provision of global public goods XIAO YingYing Network space is global, virtual and without national bounds. As such network security has the basic characteristic of a global public good and cannot escaped problems of externality and a free ride. Traditional views within international political economy hold that global public goods are primarily provided through two channels: the hegemon or international institutions. As far as network security is concerned, because few states are willing to obtain network security at the expenses of seriously compromising national security, the route of entrusting the hegemon with provision of this public good is not tenable. This scenario accentuates the important role that international institutions must play in providing network security, necessitating the construction of an international network security framework. Such a construction has several implications. First, the idea of multilateral engagement must replace the monopolist or hegemonic approach. Second, international network technology organizations and intergovernmental organizations must cooperate with each other to form network protocols of varying binding power. Third, negotiations regarding cyber-space security must proceed step by step and around different themes. Fourth, the prevailing situation-response mentality and agenda must giveway to an active, more predictive, anticipatory, and pre-emptive approach. Fifth, cyber-space security should be incorporated into the existing global security framework in order for it to develop smoothly. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 135-140 [Abstract] ( 74 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 497KB] ( 405 ) 141 From "Village Construction" to "Urbanization Construction": case studies in Chinese rural areas reform and construction CHEN Tingxiang Traditional rural communities gradually turning into modern societies is a process that every region and country must undergo. Modernization of rural China started in the 1920s. Efforts made by various and numerous reformists and activists devoted to the transformation of traditional rural China have failed because the new ways introduced gave rise to conflicts with traditional practices. With the modernization of China's urban centers, the rural areas seem ready for an embrace with modernity. The urbanization of traditional rural China has been a major part of the overarching project of modernizing China with Chinese characteristics. This paper hopes that by providing important case studies, it can provide some valuable reflections on the past that may assist in choosing the correct path toward realizing this goal of modernizing rural China. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 141-153 [Abstract] ( 68 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 630KB] ( 407 ) 154 Social Statues of Uyghur women in Qing Xinjiang: a study based on legal archives TIAN Huan Based mainly on legal archives (both criminal and civil) of Qing Xinjiang, this study shows that Uyghur women, living in an environment of legal pluralism, enjoyed higher social and domestic status in Qing Xinjiang than their contemporary counterparts in either China Proper or traditional Islamic societies elsewhere. Comparatively speaking, they were afforded considerable control over possession of property, experienced less scrutiny from in -laws and the larger community they inhabited, and were allowed to maintain a closer relationship with their natal family after marriage. 2015 Vol. 32 (1): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 747KB] ( 674 )

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