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| Balance of Interests in International Law on Naval Blockade: Tradition, Contemporary Practice and Challenges |
| ZHU Li-jiang |
| College of International Law, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088 |
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Abstract Naval blockade is a tactic used by navies in armed conflicts. It can assist in landing operations, surround the enemy, cut off supplies, and even subdue the enemy without fighting. The international law on naval blockade is quite vague due to insufficient treaties available. Analyzing the international law on naval blockade with the interest balance theory helps remove confusion in this regard. Traditional international law on naval blockade focuses only on the balance of interests between the blockader and neutral states, while contemporary international law goes further to take into consideration the balance of interests between the blockader and the civilian population of the blockaded area. Therefore, the blockader needs to respect not only the interests of neutral states, but also the humanitarian interests of civilians in the blockaded areas. This requires the blockader to take into account a wider range of factors when it comes to interest balance, which undoubtedly increases obligations of the blockaders. Currently, the international law of naval blockade is faced with many challenges, such as the rapid development of new weapons, frequent non-international armed conflicts, increasingly complex international law of the sea, and the increasing requirements for the protection of natural environment. All these challenges call for a new balance. The international panel should formulate and supplement relevant specifications when updating San Remo Manual, acknowledge the value of the international law on naval blockade, clarify the application of the international law on naval blockade to non-international armed conflicts and the obligations of the blockader in terms of the international law of the sea, and increase the obligations of the blockader to respect and protect natural marine environment.
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Received: 18 March 2021
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2021, Vol. 38 
