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| The Theme, Positioning and Highest Principle of ZHANG Zai’s Neo-Confucianism Values |
| LIN Le-chang |
| Guan Xue Institute, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710062 |
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Abstract Universal values are norms of human motivation and behavior, and also represent human belief or faith. In response to the call for the revival of Confucianism in the Northern Song period, ZHANG Zai gave a new interpretation, from the perspective of values, of the “virtue and propriety (De Li 德-礼) system” which was originally a concept of “benevolent governing ( De Zheng 德政)” in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and systematically expounded the values of “observing proprieties” and “valuing virtues”. ZHANG Zai’s Neo-Confucianism values are rich in content. The virtues he often spoke of include propriety (Li 礼), virtue (De 德),benevolence (Ren 仁), wisdom (Zhi智),faithfulness (Xin信), courtesy (Gong 恭),veneration (Jing 敬), and integrity ( Cheng 诚). In terms of degree of attention and frequency of reference, propriety (Li 礼) and virtue (De 德) are the two basic types of his values. “Observing proprieties and valuing virtues” are the theme of his values. Proprieties ( Li 礼) are not only the way to realize the moral values of benevolence and filial piety, but also have strong value implication, which are normative ethics and values in nature. Benevolence (Ren 仁) and filial piety (Xiao孝) are the cornerstones of “valuing virtues”. Values of “valuing virtues” is divided into the value of benevolence and the value of filial piety. ZHANG Zai’s values are “the philosophy of mean ( Xing Er Zhong Xue形而中学)” in his Neo-Confucianism system, serving as an intermediate link. The orientation and proper implementation of the value of “observing proprieties and valuing virtues” in the real world is the pursuit of “the way of rightness” as the highest principle.
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Received: 10 March 2020
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2020, Vol. 37 
