Abstract：The low-altitude economy, as a national strategic emerging economic form, is rapidly developing in fields such as drone logistics and urban air mobility. However, the high overlap between low-altitude airspace and land surface space has also triggered complex air-ground legal interest conflicts, which are mainly manifested in three types: safety, economic, and resource conflicts. The safety legal conflicts include aircraft crashes, data surveillance infringements, and ground activities interfering with low-altitude flights. The economic legal conflicts manifest as negative externalities such as noise pollution and landscape damage, leading to the devaluation of ground assets. The resource legal conflicts revolve around the competition between low-altitude and ground activities for spatial use. The roots of air-ground legal interest conflicts lie in the unclear boundaries between airspace rights and spatial rights, as well as the fragmentation of regulatory objectives and responsibilities among air-ground regulatory authorities. To resolve air-ground legal interest conflicts, the value orientation of a “relative safety concept” should be established, abandoning unrealistic zero-risk pursuits and promoting the full utilization of low-altitude airspace resources on the premise of controllable risk. Specifically, first, in defining rights, the rigid unified fixed-height standard should be abandoned, and a flexible "effective occupancy standard" should be introduced, dynamically delineating rights boundaries based on land use and planning. Second, a cross-departmental air-ground coordination mechanism should be constructed, balancing airspace efficiency and ground rights protection through legislative coordination and institutional collaboration.
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2026, Vol. 43 
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