Abstract：China's population has entered an era of negative growth, and establishing a more comprehensive maternity support policy system to enhance residents' willingness and level of fertility has become an urgent task to promote balanced and sustainable population development in China. As the closest real-life field to residents, community environmental facilities, community childcare services, community school resources, and other public services have an important practical impact on the fertility willingness of residents. Community environmental facilities have a direct crowding effect on residents' fertility intention. Still, they also have an indirect crowding in effect on residents' fertility intention by enhancing their sense of happiness, which offsets most of the direct crowding out effect. Community childcare services have both direct and indirect positive support effects on residents' willingness to have children. The impact of community school resources on residents' fertility intention is not significant, highlighting the type differences in the role of community public services. At the same time, the impact of community environmental facilities and community childcare services on residents' fertility willingness shows fluctuations along the evolution of intergenerational structure. Therefore, the significance, direction, degree, and intergenerational nature of community public service effects provide a solid practical foundation for constructing a community-based reproductive support service system. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the expansion of the content system, classification and governance mechanisms, and the construction of happy communities. To promote the balanced development of China's population, we need to advance the construction of a community fertility support service system.
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2024, Vol. 41 
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