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	2022 Vol.39 Issue.2 Published 2022-03-15

	Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison Special Zones and Chinese Road Economic Growth and Financial Innovation Humanities and Chinese Spirit Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry Political Science and Rule of Law

Special Zones and Chinese Road

	5	Historical Origin, System Logic of National Capacity Development and China's Contribution under a Comparative Perspective
		LI Yuan-yuan
		The global spread of COVID-19 has increased difference among different social institutions and civilizations, and intensified the conflict of interest and ideology between countries. Political actors' value perception of state and government responsibility has great impact on their power organization, institutional framework and governance structure. This thesis elaborates upon national capacity, comparing the historical origin and system logic behind the difference between China and the West in fighting COVID-19. In terms of political value basis, China promotes politics of virtue while the West is dominated by politics of rationality. In terms of organizational mobilization, China is a tight society while the West is a loose society. In terms of institutional absorption capacity, China stresses the unity between family and nation while the West puts right first. In terms of institutional resilience, China is an active state while the West follows minimal statism. The COVID-19 has exposed many long-standing problems in western political ideas and institutions. Building a governance system conducive to the development of mankind has thus become a core issue. China can provide useful ideological inspiration and institutional resources to solve human problems. Firstly, it is necessary to stress the political logic of responsibility, review and redefine the role and function of the state. Secondly, it is necessary to enhance internal cohesion and rebuild organic connection between the public and private spheres. Thirdly, it is necessary to build a coordinated network of communication between different level to improve the grass-root governance. Lastly, it is necessary to raise awareness of coordination in response to crises and push for a new order of global governance.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 5-12 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 553KB] ( 176 )

	13	Construction Process, Practical Logic and Historical Experience of China's E-Government
		QI Zhi-wei
		The integrated development of information technology propels the continuous reform of government administration. With the global wave of informatization and technology upgrade, digital government has gradually become the basic form of modernizing national governance system and governance capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the process, logic and experience of the development of government informatization from a holistic perspective. Since the reform and opening up, China has experienced four stages in building digital government, namely, preparation and popularization stages of government informationization, e-government construction stage and digital government construction stage. Remarkable achievements have been accomplished in government informatization and modernization. The goal for building digital government is getting increasingly clearer, and the information technology implementation framework and institutional foundation are improved. Promoting the modernization of national governance system and capacity with informatization, adhering to the policy of “doing a pilot project before a full-scale rollout” and setting a planned development agenda are the logic China follows in building digital government. The party and the state attach importance to the construction of digital government, give equal weight to theoretical innovation and practical innovation, and adhere to incremental development. All these are China's valuable experience in the construction of digital government.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 13-23 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 576KB] ( 259 )

Dialogue on Civilization and Cultural Comparison

	24	Connotation Evolution and Aesthetic Distinction of “Yun” in Wei Jin and the Six Dynasties
		CHEN Yu-qiang
		Abstract: The exploration of the incompatibility of the connotation of “Yun” in Wei Jin and the Six Dynasties and its aesthetic distinction is necessary for the academic study of this neglected historical phenomenon. The purpose is to explore difference so as to present the complex feature of“Yun”. In the development of literary aesthetics, there is convergence and divergence in definition and use of the multiple meanings of “Yun”, and the latter is earlier than the former. Research shows that the currently available evidence which shows the character“Yun” originated from the documents of Pre-Qin and Han dynasties is either unreliable or doubtful, and that the interpretation of “Yun” (then interpretated as “harmony of sound (音和)”) did not appear until the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms. People in Jin dynasty judged people by“Yun”(one's spirit and temperament) rather than appearance, and even worship the eccentrics who enjoyed personal freedom and spontaneity as very charismatic people (people with “da Yun”). Later, the painting theories and literary theories in the Southern Dynasty diverged in aesthetic ideas. The former “she sheng (舍声) （valued spirit above form）”, and the latter “ji sheng (即声)( attached importance to harmony of sound)”. “Yun” in Xie He's Gu Hua Pin Lu(Classified Record of Painters of Former Times, 古画品录) does not refer to the beauty of harmonious form but spirit resonance (or vivid representation). Its philosophical basis is not the concept of yuán qì (元气) ( an innate or prenatal qi) in the Han Dynasty but the argument about form and spirit of the metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it conforms to the theoretical system of Chinese aesthetics of vivid representation and freehand creation. Liu Xie mentioned “Yun” 33 times in his work Wen Xin Diao Long(Carving a Dragon at the Core of Literature,文心雕龙). “Yun” in Liu's work is a concept of phonology meaning harmony of sound, and its philosophical basis is the Confucian doctrine of mean and harmony(“中和” 学说). Liu Xie's adherence to the original meaning of “Yun” echoed the academic fashion that emphasized the discussion of rhyme at that time. He ignored the new meaning of “Yun”, which is the limitation in understanding “Yun”. The metaphysical discussion of “rhyme” in literary theory did not make a breakthrough until the Song Dynasty, when “Yun” was interpreted as “rewarding and lasting impressions on audience” and literary theory and artistic theory finally converged in the understanding of “Yun”.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 24-33 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 711KB] ( 166 )

	34	Poetic Existence and Writing of the Allusive Imagery of “Ye Wang”
		YIN Xue-ming
		“Shixiang”, also referred to as “Xiangshi” in ancient China, is the description of image of actions. “Ye Wang (gazing into the wilderness)”, a cultural and psychological image, has appeared in a large number of poetic texts such as ancient Chinese classics, essays of great ancient Chinese philosophers(such as Laozi, Confucius and so on), poems, and songs. It witnessed three important historical phases of Chinese civilization. In this process, ancient Chinese scholars, especially poets, formed three kinds of action consciousness with Chinese characteristics. Different from the imagery of sitting beside official at banquets, the imagery of“Ye Wang” is poets' representation of life when they are out of office and far from secular life. They use images and metaphors to write about everything on the earth, changes of human life, and movement of various lives. The imagery of“Ye Wang” is not only a record of the heroic personality and poetic quality of ancient Chinese scholars(poets in particular) who were fearless and determined to fulfill their aspiration, but also reveals the truth of history, social changes, and cultural anxiety of Chinese nation. Its poetic writing has a value that cannot be replaced by general history. Today, we humans are losing our natural qualities. The imagery of “Ye Wang” is of great significance for us to reflect upon the two sides of human civilization, break away from social repression, regain natural qualities, and purify our souls. It is worth in-depth exploration and study.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 34-42 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 650KB] ( 260 )

Innovation Economy and Cultural Industry

	43	Innovative Cultural Function of Cultural Industry in Building New Development Patterns
		FAN Yu-gang
		Cultural industry, one of the emerging strategic industries that conforms to the development trend of the world economy and is driven by modern information technology, needs to strengthen its innovative cultural function in new development patterns so as to assume its cultural mission and social responsibility in the new era, give full play to its role in promoting industrial upgrade, raising innovation awareness and cultivating a cultural atmosphere of innovation, guiding social mores and giving impetus to the progress of social civilization, and focus on the growth of cultural value, optimization of industrial structure, upgrade of consumption structure, and meeting the needs of the people for a better life with effective supply of cultural products and services. Specifically, in the construction of new development patterns, we need to make cultural industry a source of innovative ideas and an incubator of industrial upgrade, a leader in high-quality economic and social development, a catalyst for improving social openness and the ability of the government to open up, and a guide of social mores so as to lift social civilization to a new level. In line with the intergenerational transformation of cultural consumption, the cultural industry should lead cultural consumption with innovative cultural values, and fulfill its mission in response to challenges of the times.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 43-53 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 563KB] ( 177 )

	54	The Chinese Experience and Chinese Paradigm of the Ecological Construction of “City Gifts” in the Context of New Cultural Creativity
		ZHANG Xiao-gang
		The “city gift”, an important carrier of urban cultural and creative industries, has developed rapidly in recent years in China. The comparison of the typical development modes of the “city gifts” of Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chengdu reveals that the practice of building “city gifts” in China, based on the idea of industrial operation, has formed a complete chain in terms of operation modes, selection mechanism, design and production, brand promotion and marketing channels, contributing unique Chinese experience to the development of “city gifts” at global level. Aiming to activate urban cultural resources, taking advantage of the competitiveness of urban design, driven by organizational guidance, supported by industrial incubation, and guaranteed by marketing and promotion, China strives to work on supply, organization, manufacturing, and consumption to create its brands of “city gifts” through collaboration. Given the fact that Chinese cities are faced with three major problems in building up the brand of their “city gifts”, namely, vaguely defined composition, operators, and consumers, we need to make creative breakthroughs relying on innovative thinking and business modes of new cultural and innovative industries. In this process, the key is to build an ecosystem for the “city gifts” with urban IP as the core and ensure its healthy and orderly operation. To make this happen, we need to continuously empower the development of “city gifts” by innovating the system and mechanism, connecting cultural subjects, innovating cultural products and building multiple channels. Only in this way can China make a great leap forward, shifting from “Chinese experience” to “Chinese paradigm”, and providing an inspiring and important reference for building the “city gifts” in the context of globalization.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 54-64 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 710KB] ( 279 )

Economic Growth and Financial Innovation

	65	The Mechanism and Law of Producer Services Cluster Conducive to Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Perspective of Cost
		ZHU Yan
		The producer services cluster is not only the key to upgrading manufacturing industry, but also the necessity to lead the high -quality development of economy. Theoretical analysis shows that the agglomerated development of producer services can reduce the manufacturing production cost and transaction cost through the mechanism of economies of scale, competition, learning, cooperation and specialization, and then affects the upgrading of manufacturing industry. Based on the theoretical mechanism, using two-way fixed effects model and the provincial panel data from 2003 to 2019 in mainland China, this paper conducts an empirical study on the law and mechanism of agglomerated development of producer services promoting the structural upgrade of manufacturing industry. The findings are as follows. First, the development of producer service industry clusters has significantly promoted the upgrade of the manufacturing industry, and this effect is mainly achieved by production cost reduction. Secondly, the promotion effect of the development of producer service clusters on upgrading manufacturing industry varies across regions and industries. Thirdly, the effect of agglomeration level of producer services on the upgrade of manufacturing industry shows a u-shaped trend from negative to positive, and from weak to strong. Only when the agglomerated development of producer services reaches a certain level will the scale economies effect, competition effect, learning effect, cooperation effect and specialization effect of producer services begin to show their promotion effect on the upgrade of manufacturing industry.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 65-73 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 568KB] ( 197 )

	74	Can Tax Reduction Effectively Promote Reshaping Economic Drivers?
		TANG Yi-qiu
		Tax cut is not only an important part of proactive fiscal policy, but also a key measure to reduce cost in supply-side structure reform. Based on the data from 2002 to 2019, this paper analyzes the impact of major tax cuts on China's efforts of finding new economic growth drivers since our entry into the WTO. The findings are as follows.（1） VAT reduction aims to take multi-dimensional approaches to seek new economic growth drivers by means of rationalizing industrial structure. The corporate income tax reduction focuses on cultivating new growth drivers through optimizing innovation resource allocation and improving human capital structure, and there is a sequential logic between the two approaches. The corporate income tax reduction needs to first solve the problem of human capital mismatch to bring into play the power of innovation.（2） The incentive effect of new economic growth driver cultivation in northern China mainly comes from VAT reduction, while southern provinces mainly benefit from corporate income tax reduction.（3） VAT reduction is not conducive to the smooth shift of economic growth drivers during economic upheaval and slowdown, and its positive effect does not show until the reform period. The incentive effect on economy of corporate income tax reduction begins to show during economic slowdown, and actively cultivates new economic drivers for future development.（4） VAT reduction exerts a stronger driving force in regions with low fiscal self-sufficiency rate while the corporate income tax reduction is more effective in cultivating new growth drivers in regions with high fiscal self-sufficiency rate.（5） VAT and corporate income tax widen the gap in cultivating new growth drivers and increase difference across regions during economic slowdown, while in other economic periods they help achieve common development in the process of cultivating new economic drivers, which is in line with the fundamental requirements of collaborative development.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 74-86 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 727KB] ( 205 )

Political Science and Rule of Law

	87	Social Organization Consultation: Hierarchical Construction and Multi-layer Interaction
		WANG Dong
		Social organization consultation refers to engaging members of social organizations from various sectors in the CPPCC system and taking the issues in their field and other areas of concern as major consultation topics. It is of great significance to involve more members of social organizations in political consultation system and improve consultative democracy. It can optimize the structure of the CPPCC system, expand the united front, strengthen the ruling basis of the Party, and promote the modernization of the state governance system and governance ability. The construction of social organization consultation is a long-term systematic project. In the construction of this system, we should follow dialectical logic. We should advance step by step but pursue breakthroughs at the same time. We should attach equal importance to coordinated development and differentiated treatment. We should emphasize both two-way promotion and diverse support. Moreover, we should proceed in an orderly and steady way at different levels, committed to deep reform, grass-roots innovation, middle construction, and top design. On the basis of hierarchical and gradual construction, we should make full use of the resources and advantages at all levels and from various sectors so as to achieve mutual promotion and common development. In the construction of the consultative democracy at all levels and the smooth communication between different levels, we aim to further promote the political participation of people at different levels and from different sectors in an orderly way, and to provide a feasible path for improving the comprehensive, extensive and well-connected system that ensures the people are the masters of the country and effectively promoting the whole-process people's democracy.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 87-97 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 694KB] ( 196 )

	98	Local Logic of Relationship Generation and Regulation in China's Consultative Governance
		WEI Chong-hui
		Western governance is a response to market failure and government failure. Its besetting sin results in chaos in governance. China needs to identify the universality and localization of governance, be critical of western ideology so as to rise above western governance, and formulate the Chinese style of governance. Consultative governance is to realize national governance with consultative democracy under the leadership of the CPC, and it is the Chinese style of governance. Governance should be based on social context and social structure, addressing the basic issues such as “right” and “power”, and local issues like “connection”. We should realize it is necessary to dissolve bourgeois rights, but our bottom line is to defend basic rights. Traditional Chinese culture provides the basic spiritual foundation for Chinese people to live a decent life and enjoy peaceful development. Seeking support from for power from traditional values and its institutionalization is feasible to prevent power alienation. The protection of rights and the operation of power shape the relationship in the consultative governance. The key to judging Chinese relationship lies in the role people play in a relationship and their position in the interaction between different roles. The most important social relations in modern Chinese society are intra-party relations and party-mass relations. To judge the relationship is to define people's roles, their role in intra-party relations and party-mass relations. To promote consultative governance and regulate relations, it is necessary to clearly define relationships and explore the reason deeply rooted in our society behind formalism and bureaucracy.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 98-107 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 571KB] ( 215 )

	108	Criminal Regulation of Stalking: Interpretation, Basis and Approaches
		ZHAO Xue-han, JIAO Bao-qian
		Stalking is a general term for a series of behaviors such as following, harassing, and badgering that are repeatedly and continuously inflicted by the perpetrator to the victim in a way that is annoying and frightening enough to affect the victim's daily life. Although stalking does not infringe on the right to life and health of the victim, it is essentially a harmful behavior that causes fear and panic in the victim, and is likely to develop into violent crimes. Most developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan have legislated to criminalize stalking, but relevant legal regulations have limitation in the definition of the content. For a long time, as the harm of stalking is underestimated, China does not enact criminal legislation against this behavior, and the relevant provisions of the current non-criminal legal regulations cannot effectively punish this behavior. As a consequence, the perpetrator often gets away in the grey area of the law. In order to effectively regulate stalking and protect the victim's right to peace in private life, it is advisable to learn from other countries and apply the theory of criminal law in China to define stalking as a crime and include it in the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. In terms of the construction of the crime, it is suggested to classify the behaviors of stalking and set up the pre-procedure of administrative punishment for stalking. In terms of penalty, it is suggested to take freedom punishment as major punishment supplemented by fine penalty, and to stipulate penalty according to the harm degree of the stalking behavior and the likelihood of the recidivism of the perpetrator.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 108-117 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 531KB] ( 317 )

	118	Practical Misunderstandings in Concurrence of Claims and Regulatory Approaches
		HU Si-bo, ZHAO Zhi-chao
		We have many problems in handling the concurrence of claims. Neither the “alternative litigation” nor “alternative elimination” model is feasible in practice. They go against the requirements of the disposition doctrine, hinder effective settlement of disputes at one time, conflict with the victim-centered norm, and contradict Article 247 of the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law. From practical perspective, it is intended to present reasonable explanation to the relationship between competing claims. From the procedural perspective, it is intended to settle disputes at one time and to avoid double payment. On the issue of the relationship between claims, according to Article 186 of the civil code, it is only suitable to adopt the theory of free concurrence of claims or the theory of mutual influence of claims. Accordingly,it is only through the objective combination of litigation and partial adjustment of the concept of litigation object that we can work in line with the above two theories. To address the problems in practice, it is advisable to adopt either of the two approaches, one is “free competition of claim rights + objective combination of litigation”, and the other is “mutual influence of claim rights + partial adjustment of the concept of litigation object”. Both approaches are feasible and effective in resolving problems in concurrence of claims, avoiding negative consequences of “alternative litigation” and “alternative elimination” modes. Considering feasibility and regulation rationality, the former can be taken as a short-term goal and the latter can be taken as the direction of judicial practice in the future.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 118-127 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 519KB] ( 189 )

Humanities and Chinese Spirit

	128	A Gender Perspective of the Community of a Shared Future for Mankind
		SU Yun-ting
		The community of shared future for mankind, a China's proposal for global governance, is a governance paradigm based on practice process and leads humans to a better future. A gender perspective can provide insights for us to understand and meet challenges in global governance. Reviewing the community of a shared future for mankind from a gender perspective, we can find that the two concepts share much common ground in criticizing the mainstream governance paradigm, advocating the reform of global governance, building new international relations and an ideal society. The community of a shared future for mankind embraces the simplest concept of equality based on gender equality, restores the gender dimension of community logic, and points to the global justice ethics with inherent gender factors. It is a community of equality, justice and care. The community of a shared future for mankind presents a vision of real governance opportunities for women to make the transition from absence to presence in anarchy, global governance, and the community. Accentuating connection rather than confrontation of mankind, the community of a shared future for mankind weaves a secure network of relations that focus on personal life and human destiny. The community of a shared future for mankind seeks universal ethical consensus. This global ethics of justice, based on the simple gender ethics, gives rise to inclusive holistic ethics. It is an effective way to achieve ideal governance, and promises a better future for gender relations, human life, and national destiny.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 128-136 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 536KB] ( 200 )

	137	Logic and Changes of Young Hegelians' Critiques of Religion
		LIU Wen-yi
		The main content of the young Hegelians' ideological activities is critiques of religion, on which its whole history revolves. Like the pioneers of the Enlightenment movement in Europe, they attempted to restore the alienated “divine world” of heaven back to the“secular world” on the earth and“divinity” to“humanity” through critiques of religion, so as to highlight the fundamental status and value of“secular life”. In this process, Young Hegelians' principle of religious criticism underwent some changes from criticizing“religion is the unconscious mythological expression of the group” to attacking“religion is the subjective fiction of individual self-consciousness”, and then to asserting the idea that “religion is the alienation human nature”. Religious criticism of young Hegelians“filter out” supernatural elements in the Christian doctrine, deny the legitimacy of Christian history and remove the rational basis from the divine world (namely, returning man's world to man). This radical process not only paved the way for young Karl Marx's scientific critique of religion, but also provided important theoretical inspiration for Karl Marx to proceed from “religious criticism” to “social-political criticism” and “political economic criticism”, and then to discover historical materialism.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 137-147 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 567KB] ( 199 )

	148	Contemporary Trauma Studies：Paradigm, Origin and Threads
		LI Fei
		Contemporary trauma studies, which emerged in western humanities in the 1990s, transferred the concept of trauma from the field of personal pathology to the field of history and culture, emphasizing the devastating effect of trauma on the production capacity of individual and collective meaning. Trauma studies and memory studies tend to converge, but they are indeed different research paradigms. Contemporary trauma studies are the result of the spread of trauma discourse from clinical research to humanistic research, as well as the internal crisis and “ethic shift”of western literary theory. In terms of concept, topics and methods, contemporary trauma studies include post-deconstruction trauma studies, critical trauma studies and pluralistic trauma studies. Post-deconstruction trauma studies define trauma from the perspective of dissociation, borrow the methods of intensive text reading and rhetorical analysis from deconstruction critics, and focus on transmission and representation of trauma. Critical trauma studies define trauma from the perspective of social impact, attempt to apply relevant concepts in psychoanalysis and other theories to social and cultural analysis, and focus on healing or grief of historical trauma. Pluralistic trauma studies emerging in the 21st century expand the concept of trauma from various perspectives, mostly using the methods of cultural research, focusing on the interaction between trauma and media, identity, ideology and other factors. Since the 1990s, trauma research has become increasingly popular. Despite problems, the concept of trauma and trauma research are still of great significance and value.
		2022 Vol. 39 (2): 148-159 [Abstract] ( 19 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 582KB] ( 684 )

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