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2017 Vol.34 Issue.6
Published 2017-12-20
5
The Political Logic of China’s Big Power Diplomacy in the New Era: a Framework from International Perspective
JIANG An
Building a community with a shared future for mankind is the core mission for China’s big power diplomacy in the new era. It is a positive response to plights and challenges on human development, a fundamental reflection of China’s diplomatic philosophy, and a Chinese blueprint for the world’s future. Weighing diplomatic strategy with consideration of time and space, strategic roles, and directions is the logic premise to big power diplomacy. More global perspective, stronger national strategies, and more confidence and courage in handling foreign affairs are the engine for China’s big power diplomacy. We must stay alert about diplomatic strategies and strategic planning: A prosperous and stable China of self-assurance and self-consciousness is of significant importance to China and the world at large.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 5-8 [
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The Supply-side Structural Reform from the Perspective of Main Function Area in the New Era
GONG Wan-da
The institution of main functional areas plays an important role in ecological civilization system. In the supply-side structural reform, we must pursue“green”development. The supply-side structural reform and promoting integration and mutual advancement of main functional areas is driven by the requirements of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era,correcting resource misallocation and smoothing material exchange between human and nature in the most concentrated way. The strategy of promoting the formation of main function areas gives the direction for the supply-side structural reform. According to the positioning of different main functional areas,the industrial structure adjustment is carried out through the supply-side structural reform to promote the formation of the main functional areas. Institutional supply is the key to the supply-side structural reform,and promoting the formation of main functional areas is one of the strategic institutional supplies for the supply-side structural reform. The fundamental purpose of promoting the formation of main functional areas is to promote balanced development among regions, which is a long-term strategy for the supply-side structural reform in the new era.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 9-14 [
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Cultural Integration and Cultural Balance: the Cultural Choice and Shift of Jewish Americans
CHU Lin
Jewish culture in the United States does not have conditions for endogenous production, and it has to make an appropriate choice between tradition and reality when interacting with diverse cultures of outside world. By analyzing the cooperative and symbiotic cultural spirit of Jewish Americans, the demographic characteristics reflected in occupational types, education background and political influence, the ethnic identity characteristics embodied in identity standards and cultural representation, social political position implicit in partisanship, attitudes towards state and community and social discrimination degree, the connotation of “culture every day” demonstrated in cultural ceremonies and moral improvement, and language expressions interpreted by the maintenance and innovation of traditional language, we may present an adaptive and balanced cultural choice of current Jewish Americans in the pursuit of their own cultural heritage and adaptation to a multicultural environment. In historical evolution, American Jewish culture reveals equal stress on the integration of diverse cultures and balanced development of different cultures.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 15-20 [
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Contributors to Italian Female Migration to the US (1880-1910) from the Perspective of Transnationalism
YANG Jing
The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed an unprecedented influx of female immigrants into the United States. Among them, female immigrants from Italy grew rapidly in number, becoming one of the major groups of America’s female immigrants in that period. Italian migration tradition provides a cultural basis for large-scale female migration to the US, and the political and economic changes within Italy during the process of its integration into global economy are the most important driving force. In economy, changes were mainly reflected as overpopulation and stress of survival caused by agricultural crisis, and in politics mainly as Italian government’s policy support for migration. Finally, after American industrial revolution, the center of the world capitalist economic system gradually shifted to North America, which created lots of jobs and thus attracted labors to the United States. The United States being “immigrants’ paradise” is the external factor for Italian female migration. From the perspective of transnationalism, all the above factors contribute to mass Italian female migration to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 21-27 [
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Global Governance along the Belt and Road and Discourse Power of Think Tanks
LIANG Hao-guang, JIN Yi-xuan
The Belt and Road initiative is a major measure for China to implement all-round opening up policy in the new era, and also a Chinese version for peaceful cooperation and mutual development of countries along the Belt and Road. At the International Cooperation Summit Forum on the “Belt and Road” Initiative, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed countries along the Belt and Road should increase dialogues among think tanks, give full play to think tanks, and build alliances and cooperation networks. The integration of big data and the construction of think tanks has far-reaching implications for countries along the Belt and Road to realize social and economic development, enhance global governance, become more competitive at global level, and promote cultural exchange and mutual understanding among the peoples along the Belt and Road. In the new era, given the situation of the construction of think tanks and various challenges facing the construction of big data along the Belt and Road, we need to take a further step to explore effective ways to make use of big data to provide scientific support for global governance along the Belt and Road, and stay focused on following areas: strengthen think tanks’ top strategy design; enhance the infrastructure construction of think tanks and ensure data security; strengthen the construction of support mechanisms, and make the operation of think tanks more independent and objective.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 28-33 [
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Competitiveness of China’s Car Exports: Long-term Structural Analysis from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative
GUAN Yun-ping, YAN Peng
Large-scale export in China’s auto industry began in early 21st century. So far it has gone through two phases, and is still at growing stage. Although China’s auto industry development has been defined by joint venture models, currently exported cars in China are mostly our own brands as joint ventures almost monopolized domestic market and are thus not export-driven, while China’s own brands are more export-driven for survival and development. Due to technological and management levels, the exports of China’s own auto brands mainly target middle- and low-end markets, and have thus formed their comparative advantages: destinations are mostly developing countries and emerging markets. The target markets and structure of this kind of exports happen to coincide with the countries long the Belt and Road. Therefore, depending on the national strategy of the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s auto industry can continue its focus on traditional export markets, and effectively straighten out the long-standing structural problems. At the same time, China’s auto industry needs long-term strategies and broader vision, maintain their strength, and overcome real weaknesses hidden in comparative advantages, so as to make China’s auto industry enter a new phase of development.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 34-39 [
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On the Development of Urban Creative Communities from the Perspective of Scenario Theory
CHEN Bo, WU Yun-mengru
In the era of creative economy, the development of “creative communities” contributes to the development of urban culture. More creative communities provide new impetus for urban development. In an industrialized society, as carriers of China’s cultural and creative industry, cultural and creative industry parks and creative industry convergent areas are faced with increasingly prominent problems of “homogenization” and “emptiness” in economy-oriented urban development. Cultural creativity is not sufficiently demonstrated in current parks. In the transition of post-industrial cities, the transformation and upgrading of creative parks and the construction of “creative communities” will actively boost cultural and creative industry and urban vitalization. Making Dimensional analysis and scenario-based design of China’s creative communities on the basis of the dimension system and analysis framework of scenario theory helps provide new models and ideas for the construction of China’s creative communities in urban areas.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 40-46 [
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City Ecological Community of Creative Culture: Capitalization Methods of Transformation and Upgrade for Creative Blocks
CHEN Neng-jun, WONG Mark.Y
Associating with the deepening and intensified globalization process, many original cultural and economic ecologies of traditional communities have been crippled, which is cause for the phenomenon of a “Cultural Heritage Blowout”. The urge to re-establish a new and sustainable cultural ecology has become the “Traditional Communities’ Anxiety”. However, many creative blocks in domestic cities are short-sight strategies, over- commercialized, unappeasable industrial integrations for market demands, and are incorrectly positioned. Through a case study analysis of overseas research on the subject, such as SOHO Blocks, Chicago’s “Gourmet Food Cart Movement”, and the Paris Community Ecology of France, the importance to keep “IP” in the creative block via methods of capitalizing urban creative ideas, are revealed. Thus, IP, as a new cultural capital could integrate with economics, traditional, and human resources of local community, in order to carry on the second and third creative circles. It will better help the realization of the transformation from creative blocks to urban creative ecological communities. Once the community ecology is stabilized, its economic overflow effect is going to be connected by different networks, that will generate new commercial “acupoints and meridians” to better guarantee the city’s healthy growth.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 47-53 [
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Urban Vitalization and Cultural Strategy Adjustment
LI Yan, WANG Jia
Urban vitalization is an important part of urbanization, and an important driving force for sustainable development of cities. In urban vitalization, culture plays an increasingly important role as capital. In the context of globalization and modern transformation of urban economy, urban vitalization provides unprecedented space and diverse development paths for the construction of urban culture. The environment of urban development in China is complex, which determines that in urban vitalization culture must adapt to globalization and public demands, and follow the law of urban development. To formulate cultural strategies for China’s urban vitalization, we need to adjust five relationships: the relationship between diversity of cities and top design of cities, the relationship between public cultural facilities construction and urban cultural space, the relationship between local cultural life and network cultural space, the relationship between local historical and cultural heritage and urban new area culture, the relationship between urban economic transformation and cultural creative industry. Guided by new-type urbanization, we construct self-organizing cultural systems in urban vitalization so as to promote the sustainable development of cities.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 54-59 [
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From Sacred to Popular: Popularization of Wang Gen’s Thought of Gentlemen and its Limitations
SUN Jun-heng, LIU Ke-xin
Wang Gen(王艮), a philosopher in China Ming Dynasty, emphasized the gentleman(君子) should pay attention to "people’s daily needs"(百姓日用), arguing that the essence of being a gentleman lies in benevolence (REN,仁爱)and care for people, and what is fundamental is concern for people’s daily needs. He believed a gentleman should live by virtues, and represent virtues. Inheriting Confucius’ tradition, Wang Gen put forward comprehensive qualifications for the gentleman. His viewpoints of gentleman was people-oriented, focusing on average people’s daily needs. He advocated gentlemen to care for people’s needs, which made his viewpoints deeply rooted among people rather than empty talk, and thus being a gentleman was no longer the “privilege” of the few. He compared gentlemen to lotuses. This metaphor is vivid, easy to understand and convenient to popularize. However, the limitation of his idealism and scattered unsystematic analysis are prominent problems.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 60-65 [
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The Isomorphs between Critique of Everyday Language and Critique of Modernity——A Study on Lefevere’s Marxist Philosophy of Language
YUAN Wen-bin
Henri Lefebvre’s critique of language plays a very pivotal role, which is the continuation of his critique of everyday life, and the illumination towards his critique of production of space. Human history is one of forgetting human everyday life; human history of language is one of leaving behind human everyday language. In this case, Lefebvre proclaims a linguistic turn such as alchemic poesis by James Joyce, Mallarmé, instead of logical/structural one advocated by Wittgenstein and Saussure. Formalism, functionalism and structuralism have been reprimanded by Lefebvre as the basis of terrorist society, for it has created a false consciousness in which simulation and simulacra are composed of a variety of signs. It is the false consciousness that makes the space of communicative zero space which is a flat one without a sense of depth and history. Lefebvre does not hold a pessimistic attitude, and it is in the ruins of everyday life that he witnesses the hope of rescue, in this sense, there is a logical conformity among his critique of everyday language, Benjamin’s pure language, and Umberto Eco’s perfect language. The isomorph between the critique of language and that of modernity is self-evident. Lefebvre has rewritten Marx’s “labor liberation” in terms of discursive “liberation narrative”, illuminating Guy Debord’s society of spectacles, de Certeau’s critique of everyday practice and Baudrillard’s critique of political economy of the sign.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 66-72 [
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Fundamental Position of Intellectuality in Aesthetic Taste from the Perspective of Hume and Kant’s Aesthetics
SONG Ye
Taste difference is one of the common phenomena in aesthetic activities, and the old saying that “taste is inarguable” has always influenced people’s attitude toward taste difference. Both Hume and Kant did physiological observation of taste difference in aesthetic activities, and they both believed there were correct aesthetic opinions and proper emotional response in aesthetic activities and they were universal among people. Hume took the authoritative opinions of a group of very intellectual connoisseurs as standards to settle differences, while Kant sought evidence for the universal validity of correct aesthetic opinions from the intellectual power deep in reflective judgment. They both emphasized intellectuality was crucial to resolve difference in aesthetic tastes, which highlights the fundamental position of intellectuality in aesthetic tastes, and ultimately reveals us their pursuit of objectivity of intellectuality in aesthetic tastes.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 73-80 [
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From MAO Ze-dong to XI Jin-ping: Theoretical Development and Practice of CPPCC
HUANG Wei-ping, WANG Yang
The multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is one of China’s basic political systems. From MAO Ze-dong, DENG Xiao-ping, JIANG Ze-min, and HU Jing-tao to XI Jin-ping, at different times the CPC’s development in CPPCC’s nature and function has transformed CPPCC from a patriotic united front organization under the leadership of CPC to an important form of national democracy and a major channel and specialized agency of China’s consultative democracy. In the report of the recently-concluded 19th Party Congress, Xi Jinping explicitly pointed out “CPPCC, as a distinctively Chinese political institution, is a major channel for socialist consultative democracy, and its committees are specialist consultative bodies. They should strengthen democratic oversight, focusing on the implementation of the major principles, policies, and plans of the Party and the state. They should better represent different social sectors and strengthen the competence of their members.” This is a major milestone in the development in the theory and practice of CPPCC. To secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we should further reform and improve the CPPCC system, increasingly show its function as the Party’s patriotic united front organization, and reinforce its position as a distinctively Chinese specialist consultative agency. Besides, CPPCC committees should better represent different social sectors and strengthen the competence of their members so as to help CPPCC better play its role in political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 81-87 [
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The Challenges of liberal Left-wing Political Parties in Europe and United States from the Perspective of the Comeback of Authoritarian Populism
MEN Xiao-jun
The rise of left-wing and right-wing leaders such as Alexis Tsipras, Pablol Iglesias, Bernie Saunders, Theresa May, Marine Le Pen and Donald Trump meant that authoritarian populism, once used to analyze Thatch’s political program of the 1980s, shrouded in Europe and United States again. The authoritarian populism in Europe and United States has distinct features of anti-elitism, authoritarianism and nativism. The root causes of its comeback have two kinds of explanation perspective, one is economic inequality, the other is cultural backlash. From these two perspectives, the challenges facing the liberal left-wing political parties in Europe and United States are fundamental. From the former, the liberal left-wing political parties no longer pay too much attention to economic inequality or make great efforts to the issue of inequality, have led some of their supporters to shift toward authoritarian populist parties that focus on economic issues, resulting in a breakup of liberal left-wing. From the latter, the unification of the liberal left-wing parties embracing the progressivism values and the "New Social Movement" inevitably lead to a rift between their own supportive forces.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 88-96 [
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From Left-Wing Communism to Opportunism: Politi-cal Economic Evolution of “Privatization” of USSR
BAO Da-wei
In more than half a century, from the outbreak of October Revolution to the collapse of the Soviet Union, as the Soviet Communist Party gradually abandoned Marxism-Leninism, together with public property pubic power toppled toward oligarchy. This transition from “public” to “private” ran through the political economic evolution of the Soviet Union (Russia). On one hand, the radical leftists, dogmatic and unrealistically optimistic, persistently hampered the reform of socialist system. On the other hand, as the “opportunists”, the elites of the Party and state monopolized public power and eventually took advantage and “ made transformation” in the collapse of the Soviet Union. This evolution of nearly seventy years from “left” to “right” went badly wrong in two opposite directions, but it actually resulted from the Soviet Communist Party’s neglect of its own construction and resulting corruption. This is a warning to the communist parties and socialist countries in this century. They all have to learn from the history of Soviet Union, and hack out a prospective socialist development road with realistic approaches and self-purification attitude.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 97-103 [
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The Impact of Changes in the Term of Labor Contracts on the Workers: Evidence from the Unique Panel of CHIP 2007-2008
FANG Ying, LAN Jia-jun
Using the urban sample of the unique panel data of CHIP 2007-2008, this paper investigates the causal impact of changes of labor contracts on workers’ earnings, working hours, likelihood of looking for a new job and their emotional well-being. The findings show that there is significant decline in working hours and likelihood of seeking a new job, and remarkable increase in emotional well-being among workers whose contracts have changed to open-ended contracts than those whose contract terms do not change, and that the change of contracts do not have significant impact on their earnings. Change from no contracts or short-term contracts to long-term contracts greatly increases workers’ emotional well-being, but has no significant impact on their earnings, working hours, and the likelihood to look for a new job. However, there is remarkable decline in earnings and happiness, and higher likelihood of looking for a new job among those who lose open-ended contracts, but this change do not have significant impact on working hours. Loss of long-term contracts makes workers more likely to look for a new job, but has no obvious impact on their earnings, working hours and emotional well-being. Worker without contracts or short-term contracts see no significant difference in their earnings, working hours and emotional well-being. The findings provide a new perspective for the impact of Labor Contract Law.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 104-112 [
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Inheritance and Transcendence: Innovation in Theoretical Paradigm of Spatial Economics
SUN Hao-jin
Through the history of spatial economics, earlier economic thinkers and subsequent spatial economists all made important interpretations of spatial economic thinking, but have not formed an independent systematic theoretical paradigm, let alone unique theoretical features. In theoretical paradigm of spatial economics, there are such problems as vague definition of some theories, lack of connotation in basic theories, and disconnected theoretical system, which has seriously affected the development of the theory itself and the study of realistic problems. The paradigm requires immediate remedy for its intrinsic flaws to improve, innovate and develop itself. Innovation of the paradigm is not to deny the past. The tools and laws in traditional spatial economics are important categories in future paradigm innovation. Innovation of spatial economics paradigm is to establish new paradigm logic, new paradigm content, and new paradigm framework on the basis of inheriting traditional tools, principles, and laws. To be specific, the innovation includes defining basic logic, introducing endogenous analysis, and establishing a unified framework. It is accumulative new development within the paradigm, which ultimately leads to progressive paradigm innovation.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 113-119 [
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From Pigou to Titmuss: Turning to Social Policy in Study of Social Costs
DONG Cai-sheng, MA Jie-hua
Pigou and Titmuss are two important scholars to promote the study of social costs. Titmuss thought Pigou was the first economist who recognized social costs, but economic researches and their approaches could not properly resolve damages caused by social costs. Therefore, Titmuss, on the basis of Pigou’s findings, creatively introduced social costs into researches of social policy, making comprehensive analysis of the beginning, development, and management of social costs, and proposing that social policies were effective ways to manage social costs and that marginal damage compensation in economics should be expanded to control and precaution in social policy. He thus surpassed Pigou, introducing social policies in the study of social costs, and leading researches in this field in a new direction. Titmuss’s researches of social costs not only promotes the development of social policy, but also provides implication for China to properly resolves the problems of social costs, and promote coordinated social economic development.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 120-125 [
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China’s Public Expenditure Budgeting Performance Management Reform: Lessons from Abroad the Past
HU Shao-yu, XIE Sheng
In the new century, many countries have introduced performance into public expenditure budgeting, offering good solutions to some urgent deep-seated problems in public expenditure budgeting. China’s traditional budgeting management is far from perfect to meet the needs of ever-expanding fiscal revenue and expenditure. The present performance management has problems such as unreasonable expenditure structure and incomplete public expenditure system. Therefore, the implementation of budgeting performance management is a realistic and urgent choice for China. Foreign experience in public expenditure budgeting management shows performance budgeting reform can push the government to improve its service, effectively avoid wasting fiscal funds, and actively and steadily achieve a dynamic fiscal balance. Based on foreign experience and Chinese reality, to strengthen and improve the construction of public expenditure budgeting performance management system, we should focus on top design and improve budgeting performance management system. Besides, we have to establish a sound public budget expenditure management evaluation system, and improve communication and feedback system in performance management so as to make budget expenditure more transparent. Furthermore, we should strengthen big data management in performance management and promoting sharing in the cloud so as to help build budget management system.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 126-132 [
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Spatial Spillover Effect of Financial Development on China’s Urbanization
LI Hong-tao
With the financial development of China and that of 31 provinces from 1993 to 2015 as explanatory variable, with the urbanization level of each province of our country as explained variable, this paper makes empirical analysis of the dynamic spillover effect of financial development on China’s urbanization under the influence of such control variables as economic development level, income gap between urban and rural areas, export dependence, proportion of secondary industry, proportion of tertiary industry, and human capital. The findings show that from national and provincial level, financial development has significant spatial spillover effects on China’s urbanization. That means financial development in each province not only promotes the urbanization in that province, but also affects the urbanization of neighboring provinces. At the same time, the spatial spillover effect of financial development has, to some extent, affected the relationship among provinces in terms of urbanization. Therefore, in the development of towns, each province shall attach great importance to the financial development level, the income gap between the rural and urban areas, and export dependence within the province, and give full consideration to the impact of relevant policies in neighboring provinces on its urban development.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 133-139 [
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Sociological Analysis of Young Road Ragers
LIU Jian-hua
Road ragers refer to drivers who exhibit aggressive or angry behaviors on the road. They are mostly young people. Young road ragers plague the society. There are profound sociological reasons behind road rage: bad driving habits trigger direct conflicts; insufficient socialization of young individuals leads to endogenous conflicts; pressure of social transformation increases external conflicts; environmental changes result in indirect conflicts; due to absence of legal supervision, young people tend to follow suit getting involved in conflicts. Road rage hinders young people’s social development, affects their social interaction, and even prompts social conflicts.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 140-145 [
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Return to Society: Development and Transformation of Labor Sociology
ZHAO Wei
The discipline of labor sociology resumed in China in the 1980s basically uses the basic theories and framework of labor sociology in Europe and America for reference. As one branch of sociology, labor sociology is regarded to begin in the 1950s, but sociological studies of labor issues share the same history with the development of sociology, and even has broader horizon. Looking back upon the impact of social theory for earlier study of labor issues upon development of labor sociology, and evolution of labor sociology in Western countries and problems facing it, this paper analyzes its ever-changing study subjects, approaches and theoretical development. It suggests that today’s China, also in the era of globalization and post-industrial transformation, should study labor sociology from broader perspective rather than restrict to labor itself. On the basis of Western sociology, we should attach more importance to characteristics of Chinese society, establishing a labor sociology which can not only communicate with the West, but also have Chinese characteristics.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 146-152 [
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On Community Public Space Dimension of Social Capital
ZHANG Yong
Social capital is an important analytical framework to explain social phenomena. Although the academic community has different understandings of its connotation and denotation, it is generally believed that social networks, trust and reciprocity norms are the core elements of social capital, and that social capital has the characteristics of “productive” and “public”. There is an inherently interdependent relationship between space and social capital. As community public space has special attributes of “public” space, it is the carrier of social capital, and at the same time creates community social capital. Community public space has important impact and restriction on the foundation and degree of trust among residents, content of community norms and their reciprocity degree, and the carrier and function of community culture through the residents’ behaviors, activities, and psychological thinking habits, and shape specific and diverse community social capitals. The creation and growth of community social capital in community is the process for social capital to penetrate and present itself into communities. This process also shapes and changes the form and function of community public space.
2017 Vol. 34 (6): 153-160 [
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