中国古代自然法：表达、特征与再认识

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (1)

Download: PDF (615 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract The recognized meta-concept in ancient Chinese natural law is “heaven”, which has three expressions. The way of heaven is a natural law, Taoism is a relatively complete and pure representative of natural legal thought, wherein ZHUANG Zi discussed the proposition of “evil law is illegal” and other propositions related to the value of natural law, but had little influence on positive law. The doctrine of divine punishment is a political law, formed by DONG Zhong-shu, who fused Yin-Yang and Confucianism. The Yin-Yang school also implies a purer natural law. The doctrine of heavenly principle is a social law, abstracted by rationalists such as ZHU Xi, and shared by monarchs, officials, and the people, embodying Confucian natural law. Confucianism partly contains certain thoughts of natural law, which plays an important role in the substantializing of law. However, it is not accurate to regard Confucianism as all natural law, and then regard it as dualistic opposition to legalism, which is regarded as positive law. Although both Chinese and Western natural law originated from natural laws, the ancient Chinese natural law, with Confucianism as the carrier, neither developed an effective power balance mechanism to restrict the monarchical power nor evolved the theory of property rights to protect private rights in the process of transforming to human-centered “human law”. The basic national legal system was mainly built around the goal of maintaining the monopoly of monarchical power. The natural law component contained in Confucianism has limited instrumental rationality, and Confucian natural law as a whole has the defect of fragmentation. Ancient Chinese natural law has a profound influence on the ancient consciousness of law-abiding, and can also provide ideological resources for the concept of human destiny community.

Key words： natural law positive law limit the power people-oriented thought Confucianization of law-abiding

Received: 03 July 2023

PACS:

D909.2

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	SUN Kang

Cite this article:

SUN Kang. Ancient Chinese Natural Law: Expression, Characteristics and Reunderstanding[J]. , 2023, 40(6): 100-110.

URL:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/EN/ OR https://xb.szu.edu.cn/EN/Y2023/V40/I6/100

[1] Encyclopaedia Britannica·15th edition(vol.12)[M].Chica-go: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.,1977.863.
[2] (法)罗伯特·雅各布.上天·审判:中国与欧洲司法观念历史的初步比较[M].李滨译.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2013.182.
[3] 陈顾远. 中国文化与中国法系:陈顾远法律史论集[M].范忠信等编校.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2006.
[4] 张伟仁.寻道:先秦政法理论刍议[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2023.152.
[5] (英)葛瑞汉.论道者:中国古代哲学论辩[M].张海晏译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003.227.
[6] 冯契. 冯契文集·第四卷·中国古代哲学的逻辑发展(上)[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2016.55-57.
[7] (法)雅克·马里旦.人权与自然法[M].吴彦译.北京:商务印书馆,2019.68.
[8] 金耀基. 中国民本思想史[M].北京:法律出版社,2008. 111.
[9] 戴震. 孟子字义疏证·理[A].张岱年主编.戴震全书(六)[C].合肥:黄山书社,1995.152.
[10] 罗光. 中西法律哲学之比较研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2020.39.
[11] 程颢,程颐.二程遗书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2000.242.
[12] 丘濬. 大学衍义补[M].北京:京华出版社,1999.949.
[13] 黄宗羲. 明夷待访录[M].北京:中华书局,2011.37.
[14] (德)卡尔·雅斯贝斯.历史的起源与目标[M].李夏菲译.桂林:漓江出版社,2019.10.
[15] 廖平.廖平全集(第1卷)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2015.28-29.
[16] 周予同. 周予同经学史论[M].朱维铮编校.上海:上海人民出版社,2010.16-17.
[17] (英)洛克.自然法论文集[M].李季璇译.北京:商务印书馆2014.27.
[18] (美)皮文睿.儒家法学:超越自然法[A].李存捧译.(美)高道蕴等编.美国学者论中国法律传统(增订版)[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[19] 陈焕章. 孔门理财学[M].韩华译.北京:中华书局,2010.106-108.
[20] R. P. Peerenboom.Natural Law in the“Huang-Lao Boshu”[J].Philosophy East and West,1990,40(3):309-329.
[21] 梁启超. 梁启超全集·第五集·论著五[M].汤志钧,汤仁泽编.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2018.440.
[22] 王振先. 中国古代法理学[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2015.13.
[23] Joseph Needham.Science and Civilisation(vol.2)[M].Ca-mbridge: Cambridge University Press,1956.
[24] (德)马克斯·韦伯.经济与社会(第二卷)[M].阎克文译.上海:上海人民出版社,2010.
[25] Derk Bodde, Clarence Morris.Law in Imperial China: Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases[M].Cambrid-ge: Harvard University Press,1967.
[26] Vai Io Lo.Law and Society in China[M].Cheltenham & N-orthampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.5.
[27] Benjamin I.Schwartz. The World of Thought in Ancient China[M].Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1985.301-302.
[28] 梁启超. 先秦政治思想史[M].北京:商务印书馆,2014. 252.
[29] 沈玉清. 论儒家的法律观[J].东方杂志,1941,38(5).29.
[30] 梅仲协. 法与礼[A].刁荣华.中国法学论著选集[C].台北:汉林出版社,1976.13.
[31] (丹麦)努德·哈孔森.自然法与道德哲学:从格老秀斯到苏格兰启蒙运动[M].马庆等译.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2010.26.
[32] 吴经熊,华懋生.法学文选[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003.227.
[33] Kang Sun.Flowers in A Mirror: Critique of “Confucian-ization of Law”[J].Asian Philosophy, 2022, 32(3):304-306.
[34] 徐复观. 儒家对中国历史运命挣扎之一例:西汉政治与董仲舒[A].干春松.中国近代思想家文库:徐复观卷[C].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014.155.