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| Changes in the Practice of Quotation and the Establishment of Quotation Norms in the Han Dynasty |
| KE Zhen-chang |
| College of Literature and Media, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005 |
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Abstract The practice of quotation was prevalent in the Han Dynasty, which was closely related to the social and political changes at that time. In the early Han Dynasty, there were few quotations in writings as both monarchs and ministers favored straight talking. Emperor Wu advocated Confucianism and attached importance to literature, and the practice of quotation thus became increasingly popular, and many norms were established in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. In late Western Han and early Eastern Han, the ruling class promoted divination, which influenced the practice of quotation. At that time, articles were often fraught with quotations, and they were mostly from books on divination. Although Confucianism lost its popularity at the end of the Han Dynasty, more norms about quotation were established. The source must be classical, the content must be rightful, the form must conform to rules, the manner must be in tune with the times, the function is to satirize and expostulate, and words must be accurate and true. Articles with many accurate and appropriate quotations are excellent articles. Quotations should be from great masters and not contradictory with each, and no plagiarism. These are the fundamental norms for quotation in the Han Dynasty. The practice of quotation which reached maturity in the Han Dynasty has influenced the literary creation of later generations, and quotation has also gradually become an important way for Chinese nation to argue and reason, and express ideas and emotions.
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Received: 20 June 2020
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2021, Vol. 38 
