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| The Establishment of Scientists’ Professional Identities in Modern Britain and France |
| ZHANG Jin |
| Institute of World History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100006 |
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Abstract The development of modern science and technology has greatly changed the world and human life. As an important part of science and technology, the professional identity of scientists has its own development story. The 18th and 19th centuries are important periods for scientists’ professional development as more and more scientists made a living from scientific work, and scientific achievements played an increasingly prominent role in the eyes of the public. The professionalization of scientists started from the interest and curiosity of amateur scientists, and then they spontaneously assembled to form various academic groups, which are gradually accepted and supported by the government and further developed in research institutions and universities. After centuries of experience, transformation and accumulation, scientists eventually completed their professionalization process by the end of 19th century. The history of modern scientists' professional development deserves study. Understanding this process will help us get a clear understanding of the development of technological talents and the future direction of scientific development.
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Received: 02 December 2016
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2017, Vol. 34 
