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| Marx and Luhmann: Division and Integration of Civil Society |
| HE Zhen |
| School Of Marxism, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640 |
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Abstract For Marx, the deviation of state from civil society is due to the social division caused by the capitalist mode of production in industrial society. As Marx took civil society as a class society with interest conflicts, the integration of society must thus be achieved through the elimination of class tension and antagonism. Luhmann, based on the function-differentiated modern society, held that society could be viewed as a system with differentiated functions, whose unity could be achieved through the communication and coordination of the subsystems. However, the fact that the communication of subsystems becomes possible boundaries just implies it is impossible to integrate the whole system. Although the two social theories have differences in the premises and the conclusion, “trust”, as a basic social fact, is not to be absent in sociological theories in whatever form, as society is made up of people interacting and communicating with one another.
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Received: 01 May 2015
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2015, Vol. 32 
