参与型社会与现代福利国家的奠基：以20世纪上半叶瑞典为例

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摘要 20世纪初,普选权的缺乏使社会弱势群体被排斥于瑞典社会治理体系之外。这种非参与型社会治理形态使瑞典当时的福利状况较为落后,社会福利以济贫制度为主,辅以资助水平很低的工伤、医疗和养老保险制度。随着1920年代初普选权的实现,瑞典开始向参与型社会过渡。此间,瑞典社民党转变政策观念,提出“人民之家”理念,并积极参与社会福利制度的建设。由此,瑞典的社会保险制度得到了较大的改革,提高了资助金额,明确了国家财政对保险基金的支持制度,并开始将社会弱势群体的自治团体纳入社会治理体系之中。1930年代中旬,随着社民党长期执政地位的确立和《萨尔茨约巴登协议》的达成,各社会群体共同参与国家政策制定和施行的参与型社会正式形成。此后,围绕默达尔夫妇的《人口问题危机》,瑞典政府以减轻人民日常生活负担为目的,推出了多种福利政策,为现代福利国家的成型奠定了良好的基础。

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	李捷

关键词 ：参与型社会, 福利制度, 福利国家, 社会弱势群体, 社会治理体系

Abstract：In the early 20th century, the absence of universal suffrage excluded disadvantaged groups from Swedish social governance system. This non-participatory social governance resulted in poor welfare condition in Sweden at that time. The social welfare system is mainly intended for poverty relief, supplemented with the low-subsidized insurance system for industrial injury, Medicare and pension. With the realization of universal suffrage in early 1920s, Sweden began the transition to a participatory society. During this period, the SAP changed its ideology, put forward the idea of Folkhemmet, and actively participated in building social welfare system. As a result, Sweden's social insurance system has been greatly improved, with subsidy increased, clear obligation placed on the national financial system to support the insurance funding, and the autonomous groups of the disadvantaged groups brought into the social governance system. In the mid-1930s, with the establishment of SAP's long-term ruling position and the conclusion of the Saltsjöbadsavtalet Agreement, the participatory society in which all social groups engaged in the formulation and implementation of national policies. Henceforth, based on Myrdals'【Crisis in the Population Question】,Swedish government launched a variety of welfare policies for the purpose of reducing the burden of people's daily life, which laid a good foundation for the formation of a modern welfare state.

Key words： participatory society welfare system welfare state social disadvantaged groups social governance system

收稿日期: 2021-01-15

中图分类号:	C911
	C913.7

基金资助:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国特色社会主义道路的探索”（15JJD710010）

作者简介: 李捷,哲学博士,教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所、中山大学哲学系特聘副研究员,主要从事瑞典福利国家制度研究。

引用本文:

李捷. 参与型社会与现代福利国家的奠基：以20世纪上半叶瑞典为例[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2021, 38(2): 142-148. LI Jie. Participatory Society and Founding of Modern Welfare State: A Case Study of Sweden in the First Half of 20th Century. , 2021, 38(2): 142-148.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V38/I2/142

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