迫使偏离年龄规范的消极生命事件对犯罪行为的影响：理论洞悉与本土典型例证

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摘要生命历程研究范式被誉为当今有关人类生活研究中的一项重要成就,而迫使个人偏离年龄规范的消极生命事件对个人犯罪行为的影响是生命历程研究中的一个核心议题。年龄规范定义了个人生命全期中重大生命事件的正常序列,一个人循此序列将会构建正常的生命轨迹。而迫使个人偏离年龄规范的选择适应的消极生命事件会客观影响个人正常生命轨迹的形成,甚至会导致个人犯罪生涯的启动和持续。经由监狱访谈进行的对我国有关典型案例的经验性考究,较为清晰地展现了迫使偏离年龄规范的消极生命事件对个人犯罪行为的重大影响。消极生命事件发生在敏感年龄阶段会对个人随后的生命轨迹乃至职业惯犯的形成起到关键性的作用。同时,由于消极生命事件的纵向关联作用,即使有些消极生命事件是发生在个人非敏感年龄阶段的成年时期,如果这个成年人应对消极生命事件所可能产生的不利后果的能力较弱,则发生在其身上的消极生命事件也会导致该成年人的非常态生命转型而步入犯罪。

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	张小虎

关键词 ：生命历程, 年龄规范, 消极生命事件, 犯罪行为, 典型例证

Abstract：The life course paradigm is an important achievement in studying human life. It is a key topic of life course research on the influence of negative life events forcing deviation from age norms on criminal behavior. Research has shown that age norms define the normal sequence of major life events over an individual’s lifespan, the sequence by which a person will build a normal life trajectory. Negative life events that force deviation from age norms can objectively affect the formation of the normal life trajectory of an individual and even lead to the initiation and continuation of a criminal career. The empirical studies of interviews with typical cases in prison clearly show the significant influence of negative life events that force deviation from age norms on criminal behavior. The occurrence of negative life events in the sensitive age stage will play a key role in the subsequent life trajectory of individuals and even the formation of professional habitual offenders. At the same time, due to the longitudinal correlation effect of negative life events, even if some negative life events occur in the individual’s adulthood, which is not a sensitive age stage, if the adult’s social life situation shows that the ability to cope with the adverse consequences of negative life events is weak, this negative life event will also lead to the abnormal life transitions of the adult into crime.

Key words： life course age norms negative life events criminal behavior typical cases

收稿日期: 2024-10-15

中图分类号:

D917.3

基金资助:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“侵财犯罪刑事政策应对措施的合理化研究”（10JJD820013）

作者简介: 张小虎,法学博士,社会学博士后,中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心教授、博士生导师,主要从事犯罪社会学、比较刑法学研究。

引用本文:

张小虎. 迫使偏离年龄规范的消极生命事件对犯罪行为的影响：理论洞悉与本土典型例证[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2025, 42(1): 92-101. ZHANG Xiao-hu. The Influence of Negative Life Events That Force Deviation from Age Norms on Criminal Behavior: Theoretical Insight and Analysis of Local Typical Cases. , 2025, 42(1): 92-101.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V42/I1/92

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