Abstract：Although, machines as pure things in Marx's time are different from contemporary AI, they are the same as fixed capital and means of replacing labor. We still need to analyze the capitalist application of AI from the perspective of Marx's critique of fixed capital. Artificial intelligence is the product of capital's continuous innovation of production materials to absorb more capital. In the pre-AI era capital and labor were separate from and opposite to each other, while in contemporary society there exists inexorable confrontation between AI and labor. This confrontation reflects the labor alienation in capitalist society in the era of artificial intelligence. It is rooted in the capitalist mode of production and can be attributed to the nature of capital production and capital accumulation of capitalism. The resulting unemployment is mostly capital-triggered and sometimes technology-triggered as well. Capital-triggered unemployment is caused by absolute surplus labor and will be dissolved with the transformation of production methods driven by the capitalist application of artificial intelligence. Technology-triggered unemployment is caused by relatively surplus labor force and will be reduced through the guidance and regulation of many advantages of socialist society. Only by guiding AI to be people-oriented rather than driven by labor or profit can we promote the sustainable progress of science and technology as well as economy and society, and the free and comprehensive development of human beings.
2022, Vol. 39 
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