全国统一大市场建设中的民营经济刑事司法平等保护：现状、机理与路径

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摘要全国统一大市场建设要求刑事司法平等保护民营经济,对经济发展新格局发挥实质保护与社会保障功能。针对平等保护不足之罪名适用缺陷、定性依据欠缺、法定刑裁量基准不明等现状,应充分探寻全国统一大市场建设中的民营经济刑事司法平等保护机理。民营经济刑事司法平等保护的核心价值在于：一是保障民营经济主体自由参与受准入的市场活动,二是构建平等价值保护体系使之与正义价值共同组成法秩序价值有机整体。刑事司法平等保护的价值顺次为“正当经营自由-机会平等-公平竞争”三阶序列,这可以作为涉民营企业产权不法行为入罪的基础。关于刑事司法保护范式的转型,需重视主体本位的正当自由利益保护,关注因需求转变而引起的新型经营管理问题,从综合层面考查侵害民营企业产权犯罪的社会危害性。在全国统一大市场建设中的民营经济刑事司法平等保护路径构建上,需明晰失职、渎职、背信行为罪名适用的法益构成,证立民营企业高管违法使用经营管理权的入罪依据,明确同类犯罪法定刑适用的基准,以期实现规制形式与实质保护的统一。

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关键词 ：全国统一大市场, 民营经济, 民营企业产权, 刑事司法平等保护, 法益

Abstract：The construction of a unified national market requires criminal justice to provide equal protection to private economy, and substantial protection and social security for the new pattern of economic development. In terms of insufficient protection, there exist defects in charges, lack of qualitative basis, and unclear discretionary benchmark of statutory punishment. Given this situation, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of equal protection of criminal justice to private economy in the construction of a unified national market. The value of equal protection of criminal justice in private economy is to ensure free access of private enterprises to the market activities they are allowed entry. It is integrated with the value of justice to be the value of legal order, which is necessary in value construction. The value of equal protection of criminal justice lies in the three levels of freedom of legitimate operation, equal opportunity, and fair competition, which is taken as the basis for the criminalization of illegal acts involving the property rights of private enterprises. In terms of the transformation of the protection pattern of criminal justice, it is necessary to emphasize the protection of the legitimate freedom of the business owner, pay attention to the new management issues caused by the change of demand, and comprehensively examine the social damage of the crimes against the property rights of private sectors. To provide equal protection of criminal justice to private enterprises in the construction of a unified national market, it is necessary to clarify the legal interests of the crimes of negligence of duty, dereliction of duty, and breach of trust, to establish the criminalization basis for the illegal use of management right by senior executives of private enterprises, and to define the standard for the statutory punishment for similar crimes, in order to put the regulations into effect in the protection of private enterprises.

Key words： a unified national market private economy property rights of private enterprises equal protection of criminal justice legal interests

收稿日期: 2022-05-18

中图分类号:

D924.3

作者简介: 窦璐,法学博士,重庆理工大学知识产权学院讲师,重庆市知识产权刑事保护研究中心副主任,主要从事民营企业产权刑事保护研究。

引用本文:

窦璐. 全国统一大市场建设中的民营经济刑事司法平等保护：现状、机理与路径[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2022, 39(4): 115-124. DOU Lu. Equal Protection of Criminal Justice to Private Economy in the Construction of a Unified National Market: Current Situation, Mechanism and Measures. , 2022, 39(4): 115-124.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V39/I4/115

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