Relations among Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: Mode, Characteristics and Experience of Handing the Three Religions from the Three Kingdoms Period to Qing Dynasty
HAN Xing
College of Chinese Classics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872
摘要 三国至清末历代朝廷在道、政、教的三元结构下,形成了以政为主、以教为用的政教关系模式,帝王对三教总体上处于主动、主宰的地位。历代朝廷在处理三教关系时逐渐形成了三教并用、以儒为主、道佛辅助的三教关系基本模式。在三教关系的演变过程中,以儒家人文理性为底色,使道佛二教也打上了人文烙印,形成了中国文化人文精神的主体色调。历代帝王处理三教关系,大都懂得先确立儒家的主体地位,在此基础上也运用多样化的调节手段,促进三教会通融合而不是排斥冲突,实现了从三教融合到三教合一,体现了中国文化兼容并包、兼收并蓄、融会贯通、多元一体的基本特征。这可以为今日中国政教关系以及处理复杂宗教问题提供有益的历史借鉴。
Abstract: Under the ternary structure of Tao (道,literally “the way”), politics and religions from the Three Kingdoms Period to late Qing Dynasty, the reigning regimes developed a basic state-religion relationship in which imperial power prevailed over religions and the latter served the former. Monarchs generally dominated the three major religions. In the process of handling the relations among the three religions, the imperial courts gradually allowed the three religions to be practiced side by side during their reign, with Confucianism playing a dominant role and Taoism and Buddhism a supportive role. In the evolution of the relations among the three religions, Confucian humanistic rationality was the cornerstone and left Taoism and Buddhism branded with humanity, forming the essence of the humanistic spirit of Chinese culture. Chinese emperors knew the importance of establishing the dominant position of Confucianism in handling the relations among the three religions. On this basis, they also took various approaches to promote blending of the three religions rather than make them exclusive and conflicting with one another, and thus evolved from integration of the three religions to unity of them. This embodies the basic characteristics of Chinese culture, which is inclusive, compatible, integrated, and diversified. It can provide a useful historical reference for today's political and religious relations in China and the handling of complex religious issues.
韩星. 儒道佛之间：三国至清末历代朝廷处理三教关系的模式·特征·经验[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2019, 36(2): 5-9.
HAN Xing. Relations among Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: Mode, Characteristics and Experience of Handing the Three Religions from the Three Kingdoms Period to Qing Dynasty. , 2019, 36(2): 5-9.
2019, Vol. 36 
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