Abstract：Buddha images play an important role as core visual symbols in Buddhist belief and dissemination, and Buddha head statues are the core of Buddha images. Buddha head statues in Han Buddhism have evolved from the “fairy models” and “images with foreign features” to “images with Chinese features”, from “statues with delicate and angular features” to “statues with noble and graceful features”, and ultimately to statues like mortal beauties. This is the process of evolution from the worship of divinity to the exaltation of human nature. The historical change in the Buddha head statues in Han Buddhism vividly reflects Sinofication of Buddhism over one thousand years, exhibits its local and secular features and folk tendency, and reveals the conflicts, adaptation and integration between Chinese culture and Buddhist culture. Moreover, Chinese traditional culture and aesthetic ideas are incorporated into the representation of Buddha’s contemplation and smile. Buddha head statues in Han Buddhism show distinct national consciousness, strong vitality and assimilation of Chinese culture. The realistic significance of the Sinofication of Buddhism in the present time is to arouse Chinese nation’s cultural confidence and consciousness.
张杰. 东方微笑与冥想: 汉传佛教佛头造像艺术流变的图像学阐释[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2018, 35(2): 5-14.
ZHANG Jie. Oriental Smile and Meditation: Iconographic Interpretation of the Buddha Head Statues Art in Han Buddhism. , 2018, 35(2): 5-14.
2018, Vol. 35 
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