中国古代小说“史补”观念生成的史学渊源与价值指向

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摘要 “史补”作为中国古代小说重要观念之一,其生成主要源于史学家对小说“史补”功能的界定。此界定主要发生于唐代,此后,便成为小说创作与批评自觉意识。在“史补”中,出现了三种向度的不同发展：一是对“史”之功能进行攀附,把小说看成如“史”一般具有存故实、寓鉴戒、播道义的功能。二是从“史”之教化功能不足处入手,认为小说可以辅“史”以演“义”,同时还可作为通“史”之阶、纠“史”错之具、补“史”之遗而存在。三是认为小说可以补“史”审美娱乐功能之不足,使人们在正史阅读之外,获得别样的审美享受。前种“史补”观贯穿唐后小说始终,尤其在文言小说中表现更为明显,后二种“史补”观则主要流行于宋元以后,尤其在白话小说中获得长足发展。三种“史补”观念交融递变的过程,就是中国古代小说艺术个性不断成熟的过程,是其存在价值与艺术品位不断提升的过程。

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	何悦玲

关键词 ：中国古代小说, "史补"观念, 史学渊源, 价值指向

Abstract：As one of the most important concepts in ancient Chinese novels, “history supplement” is mainly derived from the definition of the function of "history supplement" by ancient novels by historians. This definition mainly occurred in Tang Dynasty, and then became consciousness in novel writing and criticism. “History supplement” developed from three dimensions: One is to attach importance to function of “history”, and consider novels as writing like “history” which has the function of preserving historical facts, providing reference, and disseminating moral principles. Second is to make up for the insufficient education function of “history”, and novels can interpret “righteousness” through “history”, and at the same time can help understand “history”, correct mistakes in “history”, and supplement omission in “history”. Third is that novels can be a remedy for the deficient aesthetical function of “history”, making people achieve special aesthetical enjoyment. The first idea of “history supplement” is permeated in novels after Tang Dynasty, especially obvious in classical Chinese novels. The other two ideas of “history supplement” was mainly prevalent after Song and Yuan Dynasties, and gained ground in vernacular novels. Blending and alteration of these three ideas of “history supplement” is the process in which the artistic features of China’s ancient novels gradually mature, and their value of existence and taste for arts constantly improved.

Key words： ancient Chinese novels the idea of "history supplement" historical origin value orientation

收稿日期: 2017-07-05

I207.41

基金资助:国家社会科学基金重大项目“中外《史记》文学研究资料整理与研究”（13&ZD111）

作者简介: 何悦玲,陕西师范大学文学院副教授,主要从事古代小说及元明清文学研究。

引用本文:

何悦玲. 中国古代小说“史补”观念生成的史学渊源与价值指向[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2017, 34(5): 124-133. HE Yue-ling. Historical Origin and Value Orientation of “History Supplement” Idea of Ancient Chinese Novels. , 2017, 34(5): 124-133.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V34/I5/124

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