Abstract：In early Ming Dynasty, the royal government paid wages to salt-makers. As the system was nearly dead later, salt merchants stepped in to cover the cost. After long-time exploration in mid-Ming Dynasty, in the 45th year of Wanli period, it was finally established that salt merchants should pay wages to salt-makers. Thereafter, “government withdrawing and merchants entering” became a distinctive feature of salt field management in Ming Dynasty. However, whether wages of salt-makers were paid by the royal government or salt merchants, various measures taken by the royal government of Ming Dynasty all failed due to the heavy financial burden of the wages, and in this process the salt field management was also constantly trapped in dilemmas, which reveals the inflexibility in salt industry management in the royal government of Ming Dynasty.
吕小琴. 官退商进：明代盐场灶丁工本供给的嬗变[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2016, 33(6): 137-142.
LV Xiao-qin. Government Withdrawing and Merchants Entering: Evolution of the Cost Supply System of Salt-Makers in Ming Dynasty. , 2016, 33(6): 137-142.
2016, Vol. 33 
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