Abstract：Based on the theory of tourism gaze, from different angles of the government, locals, media and the enterprises joining in the festivals, we examine the development mechanism of modern festivals and their relationship with the city image and social construction. Our study shows modern festivals under tourism gaze exert great impact on economy, culture and politics and that the festivals take on different meanings from the perspective of different observers. Modern festivals present a space imbued with symbols. Under the influence of tourism gaze, they are related to socially reconstructed city image. In the Internet age, the government, locals, tourists, media and enterprises all join to shape the rational expectation of the city image by striking a balance between market and culture, individuals and the community, and tradition and modernity. Among them, the government has more say. It exerts power to shape and dominate our perception of the city image.
卢晓, 陆小聪. 旅游凝视下的现代节庆与城市形象的社会建构[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2016, 33(4): 124-129.
LU Xiao, LU Xiao-cong. Social Construction of Modern Festivals and City Images from the Perspective of Tourism Gaze. , 2016, 33(4): 124-129.
[1] Ritchie B. Assessing the Impact of Hallmark Events[J]. Journal of Travel Research , 1984,23(2): 2-11. [2] Hall C.D. The Effects of Hallmark Events on Cities[J]. Journal of Travel Research.1987,26(2): 44-45. [3] 谢立中.西方社会学名著提要[M].南昌：江西人民出版社,1998.70-98. [4] 于奇智.凝视之爱 [M].北京:中央编译出版社,2002.10-51. [5] Urry J. The Tourist Gaze ( the 2 nd Edition) [M]. London: Sage Press,2002.3-4. [6] 周志强.“凝视”塑造的“凝视者”[J].中国图书评论,2012（10）：12-15. [7] 刘丹萍.旅游凝视：中国本土研究[M].天津：南开大学出版社,2008.1-36 . [8] 王宁,刘丹萍,马凌.旅游社会学[M].天津: 南开大学出版社,2008.1-59. [9] Maoz D.The Mutual Gaze[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2006,33(1):221-239. [10] 陆林,汪天颖. 近年来国内游客凝视理论应用的回顾与展望 [J]. 安徽师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2013,36(5):497-501. [11] 吴茂英.旅游凝视:评述与展望[J]. 旅游学刊, 2012,27（3）:107-112. [12] （美）E.迪尔凯姆.社会学方法的准则[M].北京：商务印刷馆,1995.21. [13] （美）乔纳森·特纳,简·斯戴兹.情感社会学[M].孙俊才,文军译.上海：上海人民出版社.2007,10. [14] （美）曼纽尔·卡斯特.认同的力量[M].夏铸九,黄丽玲等译.北京：社会科学文献出版社,2003.17-24. [15] 包亚明.现代性与空间的生产[M].上海：上海教育出版社,2003.357-382. [16] 王宁.旅游中的互动本真性:好客旅游研究[J]. 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,29(6):18-24. [17] 陈丹萍,保继刚. 镜头压力下的东道主——西方学界关于旅游地原住民摄影态度的研究述评[J].人文地理,2006 , 89(3):28-33. [18] Boorstin,D.The Image: A guide to Pseudo Events in America[D]. New York: Harper & Row,1964.11-18. [19] （美）MacCannell.旅游者——休闲阶层新论[M].张晓萍译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008,43-152. [20] Cohen,E. A Phenomenology of Tourist Experience[J].Sociology.1979,(13):179-201. [21] 陈岗.游戏: 旅游活动中的另一个精神“中心”——基于赫伊津哈游戏理论的探讨[J].旅游学刊,2012,27（3）：99-106. [22] 包亚明.上海酒吧——空间、消费与想象[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2001.186-193. [23] 陈旭. 节事旅游的符号学研究——以现代节庆为例[D]. 济南：山东大学,2009,26-38. [24] Roche, M. Mega-Events and Micro-modernization: On the Sociology of the New Urban Tourism[J]. British Journal of Sociology 1992,43: 563-600. [25] Roche, M. Mega-events, time and Modernity: On Time Structures in Global Society[J]. Time & Society, 2003,12(1):99-126. [26] 朱煜杰.旅游中的多重凝视：从静止到游动[J].旅游学刊, 2012, 27(11):20-21.
2016, Vol. 33 
粤公网安备44030502007936号