“绝地天通”：中国古代原始宗教的国家宗教转向

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Abstract Juedi Tiantong is more a religious event than a historical event. It is far from enough to explore it only from historical and philosophical perspectives. We should conduct a comprehensive discussion first from religious perspective with myths and relevant documents, so as to get a thorough understanding of “Juedi Tiantong”. God, Emperor, Zhuan Xu (one of the “five emperors”, grandson of the Yellow Emperor), Zhong and Li (descendants from Zhuan Xu) and witches involved in “Juedi Tiantong” are “supernatural forces” with “mysterious” features. “God” and “Emperor” are different. God has higher status than Emperor. Emperor refers to “Zhuan Xu”, and God refers to the supreme god. Zhuan Xu arranged the order of the gods in the sky and commanded all the gods. He was a demigod and worshipped as a god by later generations. Zhong and Li could go up to the sky and go down to the earth. They were worshipped as god of fire. Witches could access the two worlds of Yin and Yang, and communicate with gods of heaven and earth. The innovation of “Juedi Tongtian” is mainly reflected in three aspects: 1. Gods had no king at first. The supreme god began to take shape when all gods shared the dominion of God. 2. Witches were degraded from a dominant role to a subordinate one, and the hierarchy of clergy came into being 3. Ancestry worship began to gain popularity as nature worship was integrated into lineage. This not only marks the logical beginning when witchcraft was professionalized and kingship was sanctified, but also promoted the formation of maturity of ancient national religions focused on god worship and ancestry worship. Moreover, it also enabled the core elements of primitive religions to be inherited and innovated, which became the background of Shamanism and folk beliefs and the internal driving force of their continuous development.

Key words： Juedi Tiantong relations between people and gods tradition of witchcraft and astrology divinity ancient religion religious theory

Received: 05 June 2021

PACS:	B91
	B929

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	LIU Wei

Cite this article:

LIU Wei. Juedi Tiantong：Evolution of Ancient Chinese Primitive Religions to State Religion[J]. , 2021, 38(6): 125-132.

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https://xb.szu.edu.cn/EN/ OR https://xb.szu.edu.cn/EN/Y2021/V38/I6/125

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