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| Order and Reconstruction: Ci Writing of Well-connected Young Ladies in the Late Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Gender Culture |
| XUE Qing-tao1,2 |
1.College of Liberal Arts, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 453007;
2.College of Liberal Arts, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 |
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Abstract In the late Ming Dynasty, although man-woman relationship showed some improvement, men were still dominant. In the context that women’s aspiration for writing conflicted with traditional roles of women, women poets of the day extolled women’s virtue in their writing to display their talent. Firstly, they held the idea “brushes (writing) and needles （housework）were equally important”, standing for their right to write by compromise. In writing, they were cautious not to cross the gender boundary, presenting the emotional life of “the second gender” by writing about nostalgia, lovesickness, and the social intercourse with their lady friends. Thirdly, in style, their writing was anything but gaudy. They favored elegant style advocated in the male world. Last, their writing displayed peculiar features of being elegant, distressing, and intelligent, which were missing in previous well-connected ladies’ writing, and finally completed the construction of female ci-poetry distinct from those of men. This construction is more a real history than a strategy.
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Received: 14 April 2016
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2016, Vol. 33 
