|
|
|
| Dao Inherent in Superb Craftsmanship: Historical Origin and Cultural Gene of Craftsmanship |
| XIA Yan-jing |
| Institute of Nanjing University of the Arts, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210013 |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The craftsman spirit is a perception of craftsmen’s work beyond technical level. It is a rectification of the idea that took the craftsman’s skill as novel techniques and works in ancient China, and elevates the craftsman’s work from labor to specified craftsmanship and artistic level, namely, the improvement of the conception of the integration of mind and object. The craftsman spirit is the spirit of the times enriched by history. Kao Gong Ji (The Craftsmanship Specification) in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period is the first systematic compilation of handicraft industry in Chinese history. After Qin,Han,Tang and Song dynasties,there constantly appeared compilations of craftsmanship and rules of its practice. Since the middle of Ming Dynasty, craftsmen began to break free from their humble position, and develop products dominated by personal or family brands, gaining some social prestige. In terms of the characteristics of historical and cultural inheritance, the craftsman spirit shapes and integrates the values, ethics, and morality the craftsman cherish in their profession, as well as the appropriate behaviors in various production activities for the craftsman, and the qualities required of the craftsman. The pursuit of the integration of dao (the rule of universe) and ji (techniques) is what the craftsman spirit is all about. Nowadays, the craftsman spirit is elevated as a national strategy. It has been cherished and frequently talked about by Chinese people since the term first came up, and become a moral advice and requirement for practitioners in industrial and commercial production. Therefore, making the past serve the present has a distinct practical significance. It is actually the inheritance of ancient craftsmanship and craftsman culture. The pragmatic craftsman spirit which aims for perfection and refinement is a solid foundation for the sound development of the society.
|
|
Received: 08 May 2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 徐耀强. 论“工匠精神”[J].红旗文稿,2017,(10):25.
[2] 戴吾三. 考工记图说[M].济南:山东画报出版社,2003.
[3] 班固. 汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1962.
[4] 江永. 周礼疑义举要[M].北京:商务印书馆,1963.36.
[5] 李林甫. 唐六典[A].永瑢,纪昀等.文渊阁四库全书[C].台北:商务印书馆,1986.157.
[6] 欧阳修,宋祁.新唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.1269.
[7] 徐征.全元曲(六)[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,1998.157.
[8] 罗贯中. 三国演义[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1979.28.
[9] 尚书[M].慕平译注.北京:中华书局,2009.326.
[10] 王晫.檀几丛书·林阳羡茗壶系[M].新安张氏霞举堂刊本.哈佛燕京中文特藏,清康熙三十六年(1697).
[11] 袁宏道. 袁宏道集笺校[M].钱伯城笺校.上海:上海古籍出版社,2008.731.
[12] 张瀚. 松窗梦语[M].盛冬玲点校.北京:中华书局,1997. 67.
[13] 大学·中庸[M].王国轩译注.北京:中华书局,2007.
[14] 黎翔凤. 管子校注[M].梁运华整理.北京:中华书局,2017.
[15] 王先谦. 荀子集解[M].沈啸寰,王星贤点校.北京:中华书局,2016.271.
[16] 李格非. 洛阳名园记[M].(明)毛晋订.文政戊子季冬镌.全交馆藏版.
[17] 唐圭璋. 全金元词[M].北京:中华书局,1979.1159.
[18] 宋应星.天工开物(上中下卷)[M].明崇祯十年涂绍煃刊本(1637).
[19] 李民,王健.尚书译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004.201.
[20] 管子[M].李山译注.北京:中华书局,2009.
[21] 庄子[M].孙通海译注.北京:中华书局,2007.
[22] 老子道德经注校释[M].王弼注,楼宇烈校释.北京:中华书局,2008.161.
[23] 墨子[M].李小龙译注.北京:中华书局,2007.
[24] 孟子[M].万丽华,蓝旭译注.北京:中华书局,2007.289.
[25] 何蘧. 春渚纪闻[M].张明华点校.北京:中华书局,1983. 122.
[26] 苏轼全集[M].孔凡礼点校.北京:中华书局,1986.2228-2229.
[27] 苏轼诗集[M].王文诰辑注,孔凡礼点校.北京:中华书局,1982.1267.
[28] 增订文心雕龙校注[M].黄叔琳注,李详补注,杨明照校注拾遗.北京:中华书局,2000.609-610. |
|
|
|
2020, Vol. 37 
