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| Three Primary Models of Confucian Ethics Theory on Temperament and Reason |
| YANG Wei-tao1, LI Qian2 |
1. School of Philosophy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001;
2. School of Marxism, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001 |
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Abstract Emotion has plentiful meanings in Chinese culture and always correlates with human nature, as well as adjusted by reason. Original Confucian thinkers during the Pre-Qin period including Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi proposed integrating human nature with emotions since they either attached importance to explaining emotion with nature or explained nature with emotion, as well as proposed adjusting, moderating and controlling emotion through reason, raising and guiding emotion through ceremony since ceremony also meaning reason. Confucius' theory of benevolence contained both nature and emotion, proposed natural emotions such as filial piety and fraternal duties as the beginning, putting oneself in the position of the other up to loving everyone; as well as advocated benefiting the benevolence through knowledge, attaching proprieties through emotion, and raising emotion through the rite. Mencius explained four incipiencies including benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom as good natures through four minds including sympathy, shame, respect, right and wrong, proposed minds unifying both nature and emotion, the four incipient natures were also four incipient emotions, as well be taken as the great aspects of persons; advocated seeking abandoned minds through reflecting and examining oneself, adjusting emotion through both reason and righteousness as well establishing morals of great aspects firstly thus to restrain small aspects of the sensual desire of the individual. Xunzi thought that emotions were unavoidable since he explained human nature through natural emotions, advocated restraining emotions through reason, guiding emotions conforming to both reason and grade, as well advocated transforming nature to the fake, founding culture through matching emotions, cultivating emotions, modifying emotions, guiding emotions and integrating emotions through reasonable ceremonies. Theories about human nature, emotion and reason of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi during the Pre-Qin period constituted the primary models of theories on both human nature and emotion as well as theories on disciplining emotion through reason of ethics of Chinese Confucian. Afterward, Confucian scholars paid much attention to interpreting nature, emotion and reason as well as exploring their relationship, which extremely affected the subjects and academic rational roads of Chinese traditional philosophy, as well as being both understanding and reasonable became the specific signs of both culture and character of the Chinese nation.
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Received: 25 August 2022
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2023, Vol. 40 
