行为经济学促进守法的机理与路径

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摘要全民普法和守法是依法治国的长期基础性工作。对于普法和守法的现有研究一般从道德和法律约束以及守法成本与收益等角度展开,相关的制度设计也大多基于同样的理念,其中经济人假设的应用尤为普遍。基于经济人假设的守法促进模式具有合理性与必要性,但由于对人的心理机制考虑不足,也表现出明显的局限性。半个多世纪以来,从众心理、损失厌恶、框架效应等认知偏差的发现及其进化原因和神经基础的相关研究成果揭示了人类认知与决策的真实情形,为相关主体从行为经济学角度出发破解促进守法难题提供了可能。与传统的守法促进举措相比,利用行为经济学的研究发现进行守法促进的制度设计,会产生良好的制度绩效。为增强法治宣传教育的针对性和实效性,提高普法宣传与守法促进的效果,有必要从人认知与决策的真实情形出发,充分利用人的心理特质创新普法内容和方式,并进行守法与遵从的制度设计,促进民众下意识守法。

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	应飞虎
	李宣

关键词 ：心理学, 行为经济学, 经济人假设, 守法促进, 认知偏差, 守法机理

Abstract：Legal popularization and education of the general public is a long-term basic work for ruling the country by law. The researches available on legal popularization and legal education are generally from moral and legal perspectives, taking into account the costs and benefits of compliance with the law. Relevant systems are mostly based on the same idea, and the economic man hypothesis is particularly in wide use. Legal education on the basis of economic man hypothesis is reasonable and necessary, but it has obvious limitations as it fails to give sufficient consideration to human psychology. For more than half a century, the discovery of such cognitive biases as herd psychology, loss aversion, framing effect as well as researches on their evolution causes and neural basis reveal how human cognition and decision-making proceeds. This makes it possible for us to find a feasible way to popularize law and cultivate law-abiding citizens. In comparison with traditional legal education, the institutional design in legal education based on the research of behavioral economics produces good results. To make legal education better-targeted and more effective and to better raise people's legal awareness, it is necessary to start from human cognition and decision-making process, innovate the content and method of legal education on the basis of human psychology, and promote legal education through institutional design to make people subconsciously abide by the law.

Key words： psychology behavioral economics hypothesis of economic man promotion of legal compliance cognitive bias mechanism for raising legal awareness

收稿日期: 2021-08-20

中图分类号:

DF0-054

基金资助:国家社会科学基金项目“外卖平台食品安全法律责任研究”(19BFX164)

作者简介: 应飞虎,法学博士,广州大学法学院教授,深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心博士生导师,主要从事经济法学与行为经济学研究;李宣,深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心博士研究生,主要从事行为经济学与制度经济学研究。

引用本文:

应飞虎, 李宣. 行为经济学促进守法的机理与路径[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2021, 38(6): 91-100. YING Fei-hu, LI Xuan. The Application of Behavioral Economics in Promotion of Legal Compliance and Its Impact. , 2021, 38(6): 91-100.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V38/I6/91

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