血统、族统、道统:司马迁中华民族共同体意识的一统建构

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摘要司马迁以“通古今之变”的宏大气魄首开民族史的书写先河,全面呈现了中华民族自黄帝至汉武帝时期多民族统一与融合视野下的正史演进,从血统、地缘、民族观、道统精神等维度将中华民族的多元构成纳入一体,全面进行中华民族共同体意识的一统建构。《史记》通过黄帝“华夷共祖”的人文初祖形象的塑造及五帝世系的梳理,将中华民族建构为一个血缘共同体。在此基础上,《史记》又以鲜明的天下格局与以九州为尊的地缘意识划定了地理范围,建构了中华民族地缘共同体。同时,其以淡化华夷之别与多民族共生共荣为核心描述了中华民族共同体多元共生的民族发展格局。最后,《史记》以道承周孔伟业与以《春秋》为尚的著史态度、崇德尚治与追求民族一统的道统精神树立了核心价值,建构了中华民族精神共同体。《史记》对中华民族共同体意识的一统建构实现了“成一家之言”的著史追求,确立了中华民族共同体的历史基础及价值导向,这具有深远的历史意义与鲜明的时代价值。

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	吕新峰

关键词 ：司马迁, 《史记》, 中华民族共同体意识, 血统, 族统, 道统

Abstract：SIMA qian showed a magnificent boldness of “thoroughly understanding the changes from ancient times to modern times” in Shih Chi, especially when writing the Chinese national history. He comprehensively presented the authentic history of unified multi-nations from Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of Han, and built the Community of the Chinese Nation in the blood lineage, geographical relationship, nationality ideas and Confucian Orthodoxy. Shih Chi characterized Yellow Emperor as the common ancestor of the whole Chinese nations and cleared the descent between Five Emperors with the other nations, these made Chinese as a consanguinity community. Then, SIMA qian gave a clear idea of the world and took “Jiu Zhou” as the core of the China, which built the geographical community. Meanwhile, he weakened the difference between the Chinese and barbarians, advocated common development and prosperity for all nations in China. Finally, Shih Chi constructed the spirit community with the attitude of Confucian Orthodoxy and showed SIMA qian’s worship to Spring and Autumn in historical writing, which gave the common faith of morality and all-nations unified in Chinese national history. The contributions of the Shih Chi were great in national history, and the integral construction of the Chinese nation community was the consequence of SIMA qian’s historic ideas. Shih Chi has established the foundation and value orientation of the Chinese nation community, which has profound influence and epochal value.

Key words： SIMA qian Shih Chi the Chinese nation community blood lineage national unity Confucian Orthodoxy

收稿日期: 2021-01-05

中图分类号:	I206
	I207

作者简介: 吕新峰,西安财经大学文学院讲师,主要从事中国古代文学研究。

引用本文:

吕新峰. 血统、族统、道统:司马迁中华民族共同体意识的一统建构[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2021, 38(5): 152-160. LYU Xin-feng. Blood Lineage, National Unity and Confucian Orthodoxy: the Unified Construction of Chinese Nation Community Ideas of SIMA qian. , 2021, 38(5): 152-160.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V38/I5/152

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