从抗疫故事、情感主题到场景再现：瘟疫遗产地构建的欧洲经验和模式

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摘要欧洲有三处著名的瘟疫遗产地：苏格兰的玛丽·金小巷、英格兰的亚姆村、德国的上阿默高镇。三地共同见证了17世纪鼠疫大流行带给人类的深重灾难,分别展现了封锁隔离、集体自律、坚定信心的抗疫理念和方法,留下了深刻的抗疫经验和记忆。它们的文化记忆在过去三百多年中被反复渲染、取舍和建构,分别凝聚成“灾难恐惧”、“人性致敬”、“乐观感恩”的主题精神,这些精神以及造就精神的场所进一步发展成为有历史内涵的回忆之地。三地进而以恐怖体验、现场朝圣、娱神狂欢等方式发展遗产旅游,实现了瘟疫遗产的生动延续与活态传承、文化记忆的激活与再现。这类因地制宜而又别出心裁地存储、取舍、激活抗疫文化记忆的生动案例,可以归纳为瘟疫遗产地构建与传承的“欧洲经验”。2020年全球抗疫将形成新的文化记忆,当今的记忆亦将被存储、取舍和再现。站在前人肩膀上,今人在面对共同灾害时应该能够沉着应对、行稳致远。

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	肖波
	陈泥

关键词 ：瘟疫遗产地, 文化记忆, 活态传承, 欧洲经验, 抗疫故事, 情感主题

Abstract：There are three famous heritage sites in Europe that used to be victims of severe plagues: Mary King's Close in Scotland, Eyam Village in England, and Oberammergau in Germany. The three places witnessed disasters inflicted on mankind by the plagues in the 17th century. They respectively demonstrated the anti-epidemic conceptions and methods of blockade and isolation, collective discipline and firm confidence, leaving behind valuable experience and profound memories of containing epidemics. Over the past three centuries, their cultural memories have been exalted, screened and constructed time and again respectively into the themes of “fear of disasters”, “homage to humanity ”, and “optimism and gratitude”. These spirits and the places where they were formed have become historical places of memory. The three places then take advantage of their heritages to develop local tourism, staging activities such as horror experience, on-site pilgrimage, entertainment of gods and revelry. Such activities bring alive the heritages, make living inheritance a reality, and activate and relive the cultural memories. Such vivid creative cases of preserving, selecting and activating cultural memories of anti-epidemic experience according to local conditions can be generalized into the “European experience” of constructing and inheriting plague heritage sites. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 will surely form new cultural memories. These memories, inevitably, will also be preserved, selected and relived in the future. Standing on the shoulders of our predecessors, we will be able to respond to common disasters with composure and make sustainable progress.

Key words： plague heritage site cultural memory living inheritance European experience anti-epidemic story emotional theme

收稿日期: 2020-09-08

中图分类号:	G01
	G11

作者简介: 肖波,文学博士,武汉大学国家文化发展研究院副教授,主要从事文化遗产和文化产业研究;陈泥,英国华威大学文化与媒体政策研究中心博士,主要从事文化政策研究。

引用本文:

肖波, 陈泥. 从抗疫故事、情感主题到场景再现：瘟疫遗产地构建的欧洲经验和模式[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2021, 38(1): 152-160. XIAO Bo, CHEN Ni. From Anti-epidemic Stories, Emotional Themes to Scene Reenactments: European Experience and Models in the Construction of Plague Heritage Sites. , 2021, 38(1): 152-160.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V38/I1/152

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