作为文化的美剧：主流类型、工业、意识形态

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摘要美剧文化具有全球流通性。我们可以通过主流类型、工业体制和意识形态3个维度对美剧进行考量：在主流类型上,随着播出渠道和电视文化融合趋势的加剧,美剧中“电视喜剧—电视戏剧”的“二分法”高度固化的主流类型体系在近年来呈现出显著的液化趋势;从体制和组织的视角来看,美国电视节目本质是一种工业化生产的流行文化产品,美剧是美国最强势的文化输出品之一。其全国性的美剧播出平台始终保持极为有限的数量,维系相对平衡的寡头垄断格局;美剧的意识形态处于不断流动、不断变化的状态,在不同的历史条件下接合（articulate）不同的思潮和话语,在策略上维系其去激进化特征的稳定性。整个美剧行业自始至终坚持建立自身独特的制片、审美和文化标准体系,美剧从业者不懈努力协调商业利益与质量标准之间的关系;美剧全行业对产品意识形态角色具有进行设定的自觉策略,而非直接呈现特定的、结晶化的意识形态本身,明确一种适宜的意识形态策略是中国电视行业不可回避的问题,这些是值得中国电视剧行业参考和借鉴的经验。

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关键词 ：美剧, 电视文化, 主流类型, 情景喜剧, 工业化生产, 去激进化, 意识形态角色, 自觉策略

Abstract：American TV series, an important carrier of American culture, circulate all across the world. We can look at American TV series from three dimensions of their mainstream types, industrial systems and ideology. In terms of the mainstream types, with the increasing integration of broadcast channels and TV culture, American TV series are not limited to comedies and dramas, but have developed diverse genres in recent years. In terms of system and organization, American TV programs are essentially industrialized pop culture products, and American TV series is one of the most powerful cultural exports of the United States. The number of national broadcast platforms of American TV series are very limited, maintaining a relatively balanced oligopoly. In terms of ideology, American TV series have been adapting to changes in the world. Under different historical conditions, American TV series articulate different thoughts and discourses, and feature de-radicalization in strategy. The entire American TV series industry has always adhered to the establishment of its own unique production, aesthetic and cultural standard system, and practitioners in American TV series have made great efforts to coordinate the relationship between commercial interests and quality standards. The whole industry of American TV series consciously define the ideology of its products, instead of directly presenting a specific and crystallized ideology. It is really necessary for Chinese TV industry to define an appropriate ideological strategy. These characteristics and strategies of American TV dramas are valuable experiences for China’s TV drama industry to learn from.

Key words： American TV series television culture mainstream types situation comedy industrial production deradicalization ideological role conscious strategy

收稿日期: 2019-12-06

中图分类号:

G114

基金资助:国家社科基金项目“中国崛起背景下美国主流媒体对中国国家形象的建构机制研究”（15CXW034）

作者简介: 常江,深圳大学传播学院特聘教授,博士生导师,主要从事媒介文化研究;田浩,清华大学新闻与传播学院博士生,主要从事跨文化传播研究。

引用本文:

常江, 田浩. 作为文化的美剧：主流类型、工业、意识形态[J]. 《深圳大学学报》（人文社科版）, 2020, 37(2): 14-22. CHANG Jiang, TIAN Hao. American TV Series as a Cultural Product: their Mainstream Types, Industrial System, and Ideology. , 2020, 37(2): 14-22.

链接本文:

https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 https://xb.szu.edu.cn/CN/Y2020/V37/I2/14

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