Abstract：Anti-money laundering (AML) is essential for modernizing state governance and protecting compre-hensive national security. Traditional monistic and pluralistic methods for handling money laundering charges, limited by self-referential legal systems and an outdated “handling stolen goods” framing for concealment offenses, fail to address the growing complexity of money laundering. The key to resolving current challenges lies in developing a functionally oriented AML framework that, while maintaining reflexivity, incorporates criminal policy requirements into the criminal law system through external referencing. The“system/environment” cognitive model clarifies that both money laundering and concealment offenses safeguard financial security by punishing acts that disrupt judicial order. Meanwhile, a “function-structure” approach uncovers behavioral patterns, allowing for integrated typologies of third-party and self-laundering within a “concealment-centric” framework. To prevent policy from overriding norms, systemic controls are vital: internally, by upholding the rules of concurrence, and externally, by clearly defining relationships with predicate offenses.
2025, Vol. 42 
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